Abstract
This research aimed to examine the differences encapsulant of leilem leaves and avocado seed (1 : 1) using a microwave oven to the microcapsule product physical quality and microscopic structure. The method was used laboratory experimental with 5 different encapsulants consist of gum arab (A1), whey (A2), chitosan (A3), maltodextrin (A4) and zeolit (A5) with 4 replications in every treatment, respectively. The Variables observed in this research consist of physical quality (dry matter, density, yield, solubility of solids) and microscopic structure. The data of physical quality was evaluate the size and structure, then the microscopic structure was analysed by analysis of variance (ANOVA) of the experiment using Completely Randomized Design (CRD). The results showed that the use of different encapsulates showed a significant (P < 0.05) effect on density and the solubility of solids in the product but it were not significant effect on dry matter and yield. Furthermore, different encapsulants also showed significantly different on the microscopic structure. Therefore, it can be concluded that the encapsulation process of the mixed extract of leilem leaves and avocado seeds using a microwave oven and chitosan encapsulation can produce the best physical quality and microscopic structure.
Highlights
The régulation of Ministry of Agriculture, number 14/2017 article 16 paragraph 1, feed and feed additives must not contain Antibiotic Growth Promoter (AGP)
Natural growth promoters (NGP) can be obtained from herbal plants and an agricultural by-product as feed additives for poultry
Encapsulation process of leilem leaves and avocado seed are at ratio 1 : 1 as many as 25% as encapsulant
Summary
The régulation of Ministry of Agriculture, number 14/2017 article 16 paragraph 1, feed and feed additives must not contain Antibiotic Growth Promoter (AGP). The solution to overcome these problems is to use natural feed additives or Natural growth promoters (NGP). NGP can be obtained from herbal plants and an agricultural by-product as feed additives for poultry. Leilem (Clerodendrum minhassae L.) is a widely grown plant used as food and traditional medicine in Minahasa, North Sulawesi Province. (family: Lamiaceae) which contains bioactive compounds such as phenols, flavonoids, terpenoids, and steroids[1]. Leilem plant is part of the genus Clerodendrum L. This is effective as an antimicrobial compound against microorganisms[2]. Avocado seeds are rich in polyphenols with potent antioxidant and antimicrobial properties [3] such as carotenoids, minerals, phenolics, vitamins, fatty acids, glycosides, phenols, alkaloids, cyanogenic, steroids, tannins and saponins [4]
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