Abstract
The current registered barley varieties are classified according to their biological and economic characters meeting the growing conditions. Varieties are characterized using molecular markers on the level of protein and DNA. Using starch gel electrophoresis we studied the frequency of hordein alleles, which are potential markers of economically important traits of 30 barley varieties. Among the 26 alleles detected in two main loci (Hrd A, Hrd B), we identified 7 potential markers (A3, A12, A23, B8, B17, B19, B47) with the frequency ranged from 1.18% to 12.14%. Number of these alleles differs over the years and together with number of lines per variety has decreasing tendency. On the basis of the detected alleles we are able to predict malting quality parameters and resistance to most common barley pathogens.
Highlights
Genebanks all around the world collected 486,724 barley accessions and this collection is second largest after wheat (FAO, 1996)
In the analyzed group of barley genotypes using electrophoretic separation of hordeins on starch gel electrophoresis we detected a total of 85 lines and 49 different hordein profiles
We have evaluated the number of lines per variety and presence of different hordein alleles in the barley varieties, which were registered between the years 1938 and 2007
Summary
Genebanks all around the world collected 486,724 barley accessions and this collection is second largest after wheat (FAO, 1996). Barley genotypes in recent years undergone significant changes mainly due to breeding aimed at improving the qualitative and quantitative parameters. High malting varieties are required by breweries and distilling industry. Barley breeding programmes have been oriented to individual agro-ecological regions combining good adaptability, yield stability and end-use quality Ovesná et al (2004). Hordein polymorphism can help the breeder obtain useful information about variability of the crude protein content of genotype already in the early stage of breeding process when amount of grain is not sufficient for deep evaluation of grain quality Bleidere and Grunte (2009). The current requirements on the quality of the malting barley prefer only varieties with a strong enzymatic activity and high content of extract (Kosař et al, 2004). The objective of our study was to evaluate the presence of protein markers through different years
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