The difference in the prevalence of periodontitis degrees between ischemic stroke with diabetes mellitus and prediabetes mellitus

Abstract

Background: Stroke is a cerebrovascular disease caused by atherosclerosis. Oral health and atherosclerosis may be associated with cerebrovascular disease. Some studies proved the association between chronic infectious diseases, including periodontal tissue disease with stroke risk factors. Diabetes Mellitus has a risk of microvascular complications that are pathologically related to periodontal disease. This study compares the degree of periodontitis between ischemic stroke with diabetes mellitus and ischemic stroke with prediabetes mellitus.Methods: This study is an observational analytic study with a cross-sectional design. The subjects of this study were infarct stroke patients with diabetes mellitus and prediabetes mellitus in the inpatient ward of Kariadi Hospital Semarang, who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The study was conducted from January to March 2020. Infarct stroke was assessed by using head CT scan, while diabetes mellitus using blood glucose with 2 hours postprandial blood glucose and HbA1c, and periodontal disease using MMI (Miller’s Mobility Index). The data were analyzed with chi-square correlation test and logistic regression test. The results were significant if the p-value <0.05.Results: This study was conducted to 42 ischemic stroke patients with diabetes mellitus and prediabetes mellitus. All of the cases also had hypertension. The prevalence of severe periodontitis in DM-hypertension was (OR=0.66; 95% CI=0.12-0.354) compared to prediabetes-hypertension. The chances of severe periodontitis in the age of 61-70 years (OR=2.626; 95% CI=0.473-14.587) compared to the age 51-60 years, dyslipidemia (OR=0.392; 95% CI=0.076-2.016) compared to non dyslipidemia, obesity (OR=2.346; 95% CI=0.382-14.428) compared to non-obesity, smoking (OR=1.768; 95% CI=0.371-8.425) compared to non-smokers.Conclusion: in this study, all cases of diabetes mellitus and prediabetes mellitus were suffered along with hypertension. The prevalence of severe periodontitis in prediabetes-hypertension patients increased compared to hypertensive-DM patients. There was an increased possibility of severe periodontitis in the risk factors groups of age 61-70 years, obesity, and smoking.