Periodontal condition on patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus in urban area of Beijing

Abstract

Objective To investigate the periodontal status of the patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and to characterize the relationship between periodontitis and diabetes. Methods A total of 118 subjects with T2DM, 78 subjects only with hypertension (HBP) and 50 systemic healthy subjects were enrolled from January to May 2009 in Beijing. Periodontal index including plaque index (PLI), probing depth (PD), bleeding index (BI), attachment loss (AL) and the number of missing teeth were recorded. Then Logistic regression model was set to analyze the relationship between periodontitis and diabetes. Results PLI(2.2±0.5), PD((3.6±0.8)mm), AL((4.9±1.9)mm), the number of missing teeth(10±8) and the prevalence of severe periodontitis(76.3%) in diabetic patients were significantly higher than those in both HP and systemic healthy subjects. Compared with non-diabetic subjects, diabetic patients had a higher risk of moderate or severe periodontitis, with OR=5.8-38.9. After adjusting age, gender, smoking and PLI, poorer controlled diabetes was still associated with higher risk of moderate or severe periodontitis with OR=31.21, while in well-controlled group with OR=6.99. Conclusions T2DM patients had poorer periodontal status than non-diabetic subjects. Diabetes, especially poor-controlled subjects, may be associated with increased risk of moderate or severe periodontitis. Key words: Periodontitis; Type 2 diabetes mellitus; Periodontal examination