Abstract
The Bhagavad Gita is usually called the fifth veda ( pancama veda ), together with the four Sanskrit Vedas, namely the Rig Veda , Atharwa Veda , Sama Veda and Yajur Veda . The Balinese are familiar with the five vedas, and know the Bhagavad Gita as the sixth book of the ancient Javanese version of the Mahabharata epic. The Bhagavad Gita that features as a part of the ancient Javanese version of the Bhisma Parwa is ascribed to King Teguh Dharmawangsa Anantavikrama Uttunggadewa of the Kediri Kingdom in the 10th century CE. He is credited to have been responsible for ordering the translation of the Mahabharata (known in Bali as Asta Dasar Parwa —the 18 parwas). This translation effort from Sanskrit into the ancient Javanese language was dubbed mangjawaken Byasamata (translating into Javanese the works of the sage Byasa). The ancient Javanese version of the Bhagavad Gita contains the dialogues between Kresna and Arjuna about the swadarma (holy obligations and responsibilities) of a ksatriya (warrior) according to his wangsa (social class). A ksatriya was deemed responsible for defending his country, fighting against the enemy, as well as for upholding truth, satya wacana (truthfulness), lascarya (sincerity) and sradha bhakti (devotional service). Keywords: Bhagavad Gita, Asta Dasa Parwa , satya wacana , lascarya , bhakti Abstrak Bhagavad Gita sering disebut veda yang kelima (pancama veda) disamping empat veda yang ada, iaitu Rig Veda, Atharwa Veda, Sama Veda dan Yajur Veda berbahasa Sanskrit. Di Bali kelima-lima veda itu, termasuk Bhagavad Gita yang terdapat pada teks Bhisma Parwa, buku ke-6 daripada Mahabharata versi Jawa kuno. Empat veda dan Bhagavad Gita telah dibaca oleh masyarakat Bali dalam rangka mendapatkan ajaran tuhan untuk memperkuat nilai etika dan moral. Episod Bhagavad Gita berbahasa Jawa kuno terdapat dalam Bhisma Parwa digubah oleh Raja Teguh Darmawangsa Anantavikrama Uttunggadewa pada abad ke-10 Kerajaan Kediri. Raja Dharmawangsa Teguh menjadi manggala dalam penciptaan Mahabharata (di Bali disebut Asta Dasa Parwa atau 18 Parwa) memerintahkan rakawi untuk menyadurnya. Program alih bahasa yang disebut Mangjawaken Byasamata (mengalihbahasakan ajaran Begawan Byasa) yang sumbernya berbahasa Sanskrit kepada bahasa Jawa kuno. Bhagavad Gita Jawa kuno berisi dialog antara Krisna dan Arjuna tentang fungsi seorang kesateria dalam melaksanakan swadharma, iaitu tugas atau kewajiban suci seorang kesateria berdasarkan kelahirannya (wangsa). Tugas seorang kesateria adalah untuk membela negara dan mempertahankan negara, berperang melawan musuh, membela kebenaran, membela ucapan (satya wacana) dengan tulus ikhlas (lascarya) dan pengabdian (sradha bhakti). Kata kunci: Bhagavad Gita, Asta Dasa Parwa, satya wacana, lascarya, bhakti
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