Abstract
With the rapid progress and wide application of Li-ion batteries, commercial graphite anode can not satisfy the increasing demand for higher capacities. Like other anode materials with higher capacities, silicon materials as anodes remain serious problems for their large volume variations and poor cyclabilities during cycling. One of key problem is how to stabilize the performances of Si anode materials. Various influencing factors of volume variation of silicon anode materials have been reviewed, which consist of discharging voltage, amorphous or crystalline type, tube or pore microstructure, interlayer adhesion, buffering and protective layer materials and conductive agents. Another hot issue is on the preparation methods for silicon anode materials with high performance. It covers not only the technics of high purity silicon materials, including the predominant Siemens process of electronic-grade silicon, but also the techniques of silicon film anodes, which consists of butyl-capped silicon precursor, the template methods of nanostructure, magnetron sputtering, ball-milling. From the screening of existing silicon anode materials in the literatures, the preparation methods for promising Si anode materials and their prospects have been offered.
Highlights
In the early applied accumulator field, there have been various batteries, such as lead-acid batteries, nickel cadmium batteries, nickel metal hydride battery
Since 1980s, the lithium secondary batteries using Li metal as the anode material have been into market
There are still questions to be overcome before silicon anode materials can be used commercially
Summary
In the early applied accumulator field, there have been various batteries, such as lead-acid batteries, nickel cadmium batteries, nickel metal hydride battery. Since 1980s, the lithium secondary batteries using Li metal as the anode material have been into market. Carbon materials as anodes are used widely to commercial batteries, instead of Li metal [1]. The anode materials and cathodes of Li-ion batteries allow lithium insertion or deinsertion between the anodes and the counterpart cathodes. Carbon-intercalation materials [2] possess high mechanical stability and better capacity retention. They can form LixC6, such as petroleum coke carbon and graphite; the. As new scientific and technological products, the Li-ion secondary batteries have superior performance, such as high capacity, high discharge rate, stable discharge platform, nonmemory effect, so they can accomplish the scheduled tasks successfully. Using the Li-ion secondary batteries systems as the standby power of trains might be a good choice, because they are more powerful and lighter than the lead-acid batteries
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