Abstract
The performance of white light (WL) cystoscopy in the diagnostics of bladder cancer can be optimized by the use of modern imaging modalities, such as photodynamic diagnostics (PDD) and narrow band imaging (NBI). Real-time multispectral imaging (rMSI) enables simultaneous imaging of reflectance and fluorescence modalities in multiple spectral bands. We created amultiparametric cystoscopy image by digital overlapping of several modalities, e.g. WL, enhanced vascular contrast (EVC), raw fluorescence mode, protoporphyrinIX and autofluorescence (AF). The technical development and the subsequent clinical implementation of rMSI required astructured preclinical evaluation process, including both ex vivo and in vivo trials before the technology can be applied in patients. This review article presents the phases of testing, validation and the first clinical application of rMSI in urological endoscopy.
Sign-in/Register to access full text options 
Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Schedule a call
