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Abstract
Food security behavior is essential to be developed through continuous development of knowledge, awareness, attitudes, values, skills, and responsibility. Utilization of system dynamics methodology in educational research in the field of food security is still limited. Thus, this research aimed to develop a model of food security behavior through environmental-based learning by utilizing a system dynamics methodology. This approach starts with defining problems dynamically, developing concepts in circular causality, identifying stocks, flows, simulating, and validating the model. Through quantification of variables involved in the development of food security behavior model, the results showed that during 6 years of simulation, environmental-based learning could improve food security behavior sustainably (from 10.60 at the beginning to 74.19 at the end of simulation year) having the growth forming an exponential curve. The increase of food security behavior occurred gradually through increasing food security attitudes (from 2.09 to 7.45), food security awareness (from 0.55 to 2.34), food security values (from 0.23 to 0.85), food security knowledge (from 1.53 to 6.17), food security skills (from 0.61 to 1.83), and food security responsibility (from 0.88 to 1.67).
Highlights
Today, food security has become the primary concern of every country in the world because of its essential role in supporting sustainable development
Assuming that food security behavior is an integral part of environmental behavior, a conceptual model of the relationship between food security behavior and food security attitudes, food security awareness, food security values, food security knowledge, food security skills, and food security responsibility was made (Figure 4)
Food security behavior model was built with food security behavior as the primary variable and food security attitudes, food security awareness, food security values, food security knowledge, food security skills, and food security responsibility as supporting variables
Summary
Food security has become the primary concern of every country in the world because of its essential role in supporting sustainable development. There are approximately 1 billion people (16% of the total world population) today who suffer from chronic hunger when there is more than enough food available for all. El Islami / JPII 8 (2) (2019) 230-240 of population lacking food in Sub Sahara Africa has decreased from 28.1% (178 million) in 2000 to 20.6% (171 million) in 2010; there was an increase of 200 million people (20.8%) in 2015 to 224 million (22.7%) in 2016 (Degarege & Lovelock, 2019). In Indonesia, the biggest challenge for food security is how to guarantee access and availability of sufficient and nutritious food for people who have exceeded 265 million. Stunting has occurred at 37 percent of Indonesian children under the age of 5 in 2013 (compared with the same case, it only happened at 12 percent of children throughout East Asia and the Pacific) (Neilson & Wright, 2017)
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