The Development of a VBHOM-based Outcome Model for Lower Limb Amputation Performed for Critical Ischaemia

Abstract

Background: VBHOM (Vascular Biochemistry and Haematology Outcome Models) adopts the approach of using a minimum data set to model outcome and has been previously shown to be feasible after index arterial operations. This study attempts to model mortality following lower limb amputation for critical limb ischaemia using the VBHOM concept. Methods: A binary logistic regression model of risk of mortality was built using National Vascular Database items that contained the complete data required by the model from 269 admissions for lower limb amputation. The subset of NVD data items used were urea, creatinine, sodium, potassium, haemoglobin, white cell count, age on and mode of admission. This model was applied prospectively to a test set of data (n = 269), which were not part of the original training set to develop the predictor equation. Results: Outcome following lower limb amputation could be described accurately using the same model. The overall mean predicted risk of mortality was 32%, predicting 86 deaths. Actual number of deaths was 86 (χ2 = 8.05, 8 d.f., p = 0.429; no evidence of lack of fit). The model demonstrated adequate discrimination (c-index = 0.704). Conclusions: VBHOM provides a single unified model that allows good prediction of surgical mortality in this high risk group of individuals. It uses a small, simple and objective clinical data set that may also simplify comparative audit within vascular surgery.