The Deposition of a Lectin from Oreochromis niloticus on the Surface of Titanium Dioxide Nanotubes Improved the Cell Adhesion, Proliferation, and Osteogenic Activity of Osteoblast-like Cells.

Keicyanne Fernanda Lessa Dos Anjos,Janaina Viana De Melo,Luana Cassandra Breitenbach Barroso Coelho,Giovanna Machado,Mary Angela Aranda De Souza,Alessandra Batista De Mattos,Regina Celia Bressan Queiroz De Figueiredo,Cynarha Daysy Cardoso Da Silva

doi:10.3390/biom11121748

Abstract

Titanium and its alloys are used as biomaterials for medical and dental applications, due to their mechanical and physical properties. Surface modifications of titanium with bioactive molecules can increase the osseointegration by improving the interface between the bone and implant. In this work, titanium dioxide nanotubes (TiO2NTs) were functionalized with a lectin from the plasma of the fish Oreochromis niloticus aiming to favor the adhesion and proliferation of osteoblast-like cells, improving its biocompatibility. The TiO2NTs were obtained by anodization of titanium and annealed at 400 °C for 3 h. The resulting TiO2NTs were characterized by high-resolution scanning electron microscopy. The successful incorporation of OniL on the surface of TiO2NTs, by spin coating, was demonstrated by cyclic voltammetry (CV), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIE), and attenuated total reflection-Fourier transform infrared spectrum (ATR-FTIR). Our results showed that TiO2NTs were successfully synthesized in a regular and well-distributed way. The modification of TiO2NTs with OniL favored adhesion, proliferation, and the osteogenic activity of osteoblast-like cells, suggesting its use to improve the quality and biocompatibility of titanium-based biomaterials.

Highlights

Titanium (Ti) and its alloys have been extensively applied in the fabrication of implants and prosthesis to repair and/or replace hard tissues, due to their physical characteristics such as: high mechanical strength, corrosion resistance, and good biocompatibility [1,2].TiO2 presents several advantages, as low cost and improved biocompatibility over other biomaterials, therapeutic failure of TiO2 -based implants and other medical devices may occur due to the ineffective bone formation and fixation, leading to bacterial infection and the implant loss
The anodization followed by thermal treatment of titanium surface efficiently produced a self-organized and homogeneous layer of TiO2 NTs with a mean diameter 73.8 ± 8.2 nm, as confirmed by the EDS-SEM analysis (Figure 1a)
Several studies reported that the viability, proliferation, migration, and differentiation of mesenchymal and hematopoietic stem cells [22,24,25,26,27], as well as the behavior of osteoblasts and osteoclasts [28,29] are strongly affected by the nanometric scale of TiO2 NTs

Summary

Introduction

TiO2 presents several advantages, as low cost and improved biocompatibility over other biomaterials, therapeutic failure of TiO2 -based implants and other medical devices may occur due to the ineffective bone formation and fixation, leading to bacterial infection and the implant loss In this regard, the long-term success of titanium alloy implants is reliant on its stable fixation to the surrounding bone which, in turn, depends on the osseointegration—i.e., the formation of a direct interface between an implant and bone—without intervening soft tissue [3]. Physical and chemical modifications of the titanium surfaces have been developed to create more suitable interfacial microenvironment, promoting cell–material interactions and osseointegration [5,6]. Another way to improve the osseointegration can be achieved throughout the functionalization of implant material surfaces with biomolecules [7]

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Results

Conclusion