The demographic transition in Japan

Abstract

Abstract This article attempts to provide some information for understanding the subjects dealt with under the main theme of “Social Science in Relation to Health and Medicine in Japan” of this special issue. My paper is in three parts: (I) a brief history of population increase, (2) demographic transition and (3) prospects in the demographic transition of Japan. Demographic transition in Japan is analyzed by examining the shifts of fertility and mortality in detail showing that Japan's experience was unique in terms of the shortness of the period taken to achieve demographic transition while it was otherwise similar in essence to that of Western countries. Drastic change of a population's age composition as an inevitable consequence of an unusually rapid decline of fertility and mortality should be given attention in view of its acceleration in the near future and its serious effects not only on social and economic sides but also on health and welfare. Lastly, it is suggested that changes in spatial mobility should be considered in the context of demographic transition. Effects of heavy migratory movement of population on health and medical care is another study area requiring study.