Abstract
Introduction. This article discusses the basic physico-chemical properties of melanins, their biosynthesis, and the potential for their use in medicine. As a result of the review, based on a number of scientific studies, it was revealed that melanins are characterized by a wide range of biological activity. They have photoprotective, radioprotective, immunomodulatory, stress-protective, antioxidant, detoxification and anti-inflammatory effects. The presented information indicates the promising use of melanins in medical practice in the treatment of diseases of the immune, central nervous, cardiovascular systems, and some oncological diseases. The purpose of the study was to review the Russian and foreign literature on melanins, their biosynthesis, functional properties and prospects for their use in medicine. Methods. content analysis of scientific publications to identify the structure, biosynthesis, and biopharmacological properties of melanins in the databases: CyberLeninka, eLibrary, PubMed, Article, SAGE Premier, Scopus over the past 12 years (2013–2024); comparative analysis of various properties of melanins based on current scientific literature data Conclusion. The information obtained and the justification of the prospects for the use of melanins in clinical practice allow us to speak about the relevance of the development of formulations and technology for the production of drugs based on it, including in the form of combined drugs with a multifunctional effect in various dosage forms. Melanin nanoparticles are promising as a multifunctional nanoplatform for use in oncology, cardiology and restorative medicine.
Published Version
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