The Current State of Mongolia’s Energy Sector and Prospects for Development with Entry Into the Russian and Nea Energy Markets

Abstract

The paper addresses research into the prospects for the development of Mongolia’s energy sector with its gradual entry into the international energy markets of neighboring countries through the involvement of local resource potential and the expansion of energy transmission and transportation systems. Rational use of rich primary natural energy resources (coal, solar energy, and nuclear energy), in combination with a favorable geographic location of the country, should contribute to the achievement of the crucial goals to transform Mongolia into an energy exporting-importing country, which is stipulated by the raw materials and energy strategy of the country for the next 15-30 years. In this context, the research considers an integrated approach to the development of the energy system of Mongolia and highlights three hierarchical development levels of backbone transmission lines. The research outcomes are presented as a structure of Mongolia’s energy sector with internal and external functional connections. The conclusion emphasizes the need to build a scientifically grounded rational network structure of the main backbone transmission lines, which will shape the Unified energy system with developed connections to the electric power systems of Russia and China, and through them, to the super grid of the NEA countries. This will allow Mongolia to occupy its place in a successfully developing energy and economic space of the region, which is beneficial not only for Mongolia but also for the NEA countries.