Abstract
Abstract Background Patients after transcatheter pulmonary valve implantation (TPVI) are at increased risk for infective prosthetic valve endocarditis. Diagnosis of infective endocarditis (IE) following TPVI is particularly difficult due to impaired visualization of the transcatheter pulmonary valve (TPV) with echocardiography (1). The aim of this case report is to describe the significant role of 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography (18F-FDG PET/CT) in diagnosing IE post-TPVI. Case summary A 22-year-old woman presented to the emergency department with fever and chest pain. Relevant past medical history included a left ventricular outflow membrane resection at infancy, a Ross procedure at the age of 4 with post-operative pacemaker implantation and MelodyTM TPVI at the age of sixteen because of pulmonary valve stenosis. Blood tests showed elevated inflammatory markers. Transthoracic echocardiography revealed elevated systolic pulmonary artery pressure of 53mmHg. After 2 days, blood cultures appeared positive for Streptococcus species. Subsequently, transesophageal echocardiography showed an elevated TPV peak gradient (25mmHg). No clear valvular nor pacemaker lead vegetations were identified but could not be ruled out as inspection of the TPV was difficult. However, 18F-FDG PET/CT demonstrated heightened metabolism at the TPV, which confirmed the diagnosis of TPV IE. Intravenous antibiotic treatment was administered, which led to clinical improvement and normalization of the inflammatory markers. Discussion Transthoracic and transesophageal echocardiography often fail to provide adequate assessment, making 18F-FDG PET/CT crucial for diagnosing TPV IE in this case. Important to notice is the possibility of false-negative and false-positive diagnoses and the radiation exposure, particularly in this young population.
Published Version
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