Abstract
This paper describes the simulation framework of the extreme energy events (EEE) experiment. EEE is a network of cosmic muon trackers, each made of three multi-gap resistive plate chambers (MRPC), able to precisely measure the absolute muon crossing time and the muon integrated angular flux at the ground level. The response of a single MRPC and the combination of three chambers have been implemented in a GEANT4-based framework (GEMC) to study the telescope response. The detector geometry, as well as details about the surrounding materials and the location of the telescopes have been included in the simulations in order to realistically reproduce the experimental set-up of each telescope. A model based on the latest parametrization of the cosmic muon flux has been used to generate single muon events. After validating the framework by comparing simulations to selected EEE telescope data, it has been used to determine detector parameters not accessible by analysing experimental data only, such as detection efficiency, angular and spatial resolution.
Highlights
The extreme energy events (EEE) experiment [1,2] has deployed a network of about 60 cosmic muon detectors sparse in an area of 3 ×105 km2.The EEE network acts as a gigantic telescope that, precisely measuring cosmic muon rates and arrival times, looks at the sky in a complementary way than traditional optical telescopes
The search for long distance correlations in secondary muons produced by extreme energy events, distributed over distances up to 1200 km and detected by different detectors of the EEE network is a hot topic, since it could point out a complete new feature in cosmic ray physics and be of striking importance for multi-messenger astronomy
Making use of the track measurement redundancy provided by the three chambers we developed a method to map out the efficiency of individual multi-gap resistive plate chambers (MRPC) of the EEE telescope
Summary
The extreme energy events (EEE) experiment [1,2] has deployed a network of about 60 cosmic muon detectors sparse in an area of 3 ×105 km. In this article we describe the EEE simulation framework (based on GEANT4 libraries [5]) and its validation It includes: single cosmic muon generation, propagation through materials surrounding the detector and a parametric description of the MRPC response to charged particles. This is a first step for a comprehensive simulation of the EEE network response to cosmic muon showers that includes: generation of a high energy primary cosmic ray, interaction with the high atmosphere, production of a cascade of secondary particles and propagation down to the ground trough the air and other materials surrounding the EEE detectors For this purpose, the simulation framework is being currently interfaced to the CORSIKA cosmic shower generator [6]. The high voltage (HV) to generate the multiplication field applied on the chambers is in the 18–20 kV range
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