The correlation between stress level and eating disorder syndrome in preclinical medical students at Faculty of Medicine and Veterinary Medicine, University of Nusa Cendana, Kupang, East Nusa Tenggara

Differences in stress levels between junior high school students and college students during online learning

Background & Objective: Final-year students are a group that experiences stress due to academic life, responsibilities, and demands from the academic world, such as completing theses, fieldwork, and other academic burden. In addition, the current pandemic may cause stress related to communication and daily life changes. Stress increases the release of epinephrine, catecholamine, glucagon, glucocorticoids, beta-endorphin, and growth hormone, which causes excessive cortisol production, increasing blood sugar levels. This study aimed to determine the relationship between stress levels and blood sugar levels in undergraduate students in medical laboratory technology. Method: This research method used a cross-sectional approach, with 35 samples that fit the inclusion criteria. The stress measuring tool used was the Depression Anxiety Stress Scale (DASS) questionnaire. Blood glucose examination using the Glucose Oxidase Peroxidase Aminoantypirin method. The analysis used in this study is the correlation test using the Chi-square test Result: Stress levels in students show normal stress at as much as 11% mild stress at 26% moderate stress at 46%, and severe stress at as much as 17%. The results of bivariate analysis between stress levels and blood glucose levels were p=0.012 (p<0.05). Conclusion: there is a significant relationship between stress levels and blood glucose levels in final-year students of D4 Medical Laboratory Technology at Jenderal Achmad Yani University, Cimahi. The results of this study became one of the prediabetes screening data. The need for stress management in students can be one of the factors to avoid the risk of diabetes.

Background: Several pathologies of the oral cavity have been associated with stress. Dental students need to gain assorted proficiencies as theoretical knowledge, clinical proficiencies, and interpersonal dexterity which is accompanied with high level of stress. Uric acid is the major antioxidant in saliva. The aim of this study is to assess the dental caries experience among dental students with different levels of dental environment stress in relation to physicochemical characteristics of whole unstimulated saliva.
 Materials and Methods: the total sample is composed of 300 dental students (73 males, 227 female) aged 22-23 years old, from collage of dentistry / university of Baghdad, from the 4th and 5th grade. The total sample was classified into three categories (mild stress, moderate stress and severe stress) according to Dental environment stress questionnaire (DESQ); Diagnosis and recording of dental caries were assessed according to Decay, Missed, Filled surface and teeth index (DMFS, DMFT) of WHO criteria in 1987. Unstimulated salivary samples were collected from the 95 dental students from the mild stress group (27 male, 28 female) and from the severe stress group (11 male, 29 female). Then, salivary flow rate was measured and chemically analyzed to determine salivary uric acid concentration. All data were analyzed using statistical package for social science (SPSS) version 21.
 Results: The mean value of the DMFT and DS fraction was higher among severe stress group of dental environment stress scale with no significant differences (P≥ 0.05), while DMFS, FS and MS fractions were higher among moderate stress group of dental environment stress scale with no significant differences (P≥ 0.05). The data from salivary analysis showed that the mean value of salivary flow rate was lower among severe dental environment stress category than mild dental environment stress category but the difference was statistically not significant, while the mean value of uric acid was higher among students with severe dental environment stress than students with mild dental environment stress with statistically significant difference. The flow rate was negatively correlated with caries experience among both mild and severe stress groups except for the DS was positively correlated with flow rate among students with mild stress. The correlation of uric acid with DMFT was negative among students with mild stress while among severe stress group was positive; however all these correlations were not statistically significant.
 Conclusion: Dental environment stress appears to affect oral health, shown by higher caries prevalence among dental students with moderate and severe dental environment stress level by affecting the normal level of salivary flow rate and uric acid.
 Keywords: Dental environment stress, stress, dental caries, flow rate, uric acid.

干旱胁迫下柳枝稷在露天矿区土壤中的种子萌发和生长特性

The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of stress on haematological parameters among preclinical medical students. A cross-sectional study has been conducted on a total of 105 preclinical medical students at Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin (UniSZA), Terengganu, Malaysia. The validated depression anxiety stress scales-21 (DASS-21) questionnaire was distributed and blood samples were collected from the subjects on the same day to perform full blood count (FBC) test. There was no significant association between levels of stress with red blood cells (RBCs) count and indices. However, a significant negative association was identified between stress level and white blood cells (WBCs) count (r= - 0.204, p ≤ 0.05). Furthermore, no significant association was found between levels of stress and platelets count and indices, except the mean platelets volume (MPV); a significant positive association between students measured MPV and their perceived stress (r= 0.195, p ≤ 0.05) has been noted. Mean WBCs count was decreased, while mean MPV was increased with increasing stress levels. Furthermore, the structural equation model predicted that some parameters were near to be significantly associated with stress, which needs further investigation. This study provided novel insights about the potential effects of stress on blood cells and platelets. The results will help the researchers to uncover the critical areas of increasing ROS and oxidative stress caused by chronic life stress.

Adolescent stress is an important health issue. Today teens are dealing with conflicting demands from teachers, parents and peers. They are afraid of facing the challenges of growing up in the life. The aim of the study was to determine the effectiveness of laughter therapy to reduce the level of stress among high school students. Pre-experimental one group pre-test and post-test design was adopted for this study. The sample of 50 students studying 10th standard were selected using convenience sampling technique. A self-structured questionnaire was used to assess the level of stress among high school students. The study findings showed that in pretest most of them 38 (76%) were in moderate stress, 7 (14%) were in severe stress and 5 (10%) were in mild stress. In posttest majority of the samples 35 (70%) were in mild stress, 12 (24%) were in normal and 3 (6%) were in moderate stress. There was a significant association between selected demographic variables such as age in post-test (P=0.044) with level of stress. The study concluded that the high school students had mild, moderate and severe stress. It has been proved statistically that the laughter therapy has an effect on reducing the level of stress among high school students.

The Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF) gene Val66Met (rs6265) polymorphism and stress among preclinical medical students in Malaysia

Stress can affect the quality of life of individuals, especially patients suffering from gangrene. The association between stress and diabetes gangrene is the clinical burden of the disease, lifestyle factors and adherence, antidepressant medications, brain structure and function, HPA axis dysfunction, sleep disturbances, inflammation, and environmental factors. Diabetic gangrene is a complication of diabetes mellitus caused by damage to necrosis tissue by embolism of large arteries in parts of the body so that blood supply stops Gangrene disease can cause complications, physical and psychological discomfort. The purpose of this study is to describe the picture of stress in diabetic gangrene patients in April-May 2023. This study uses a quantitative descriptive design with sample of 43 gangrene patients selected by purposive sampling. The instrument used in this study is the Depression Anxiety Stress Scales 21 (DASS-21). The results show that the stress level of gangrene patients is in the category of 43 respondents who have normal stress levels of 2 people (4.7), mild stress are 2 people (4.7), moderate stress are 2 people (4.7), severe stress are 14 people (32.6), and very severe stress 23 people (53.5). The conclusion of this study is that gangrenous patients experienced moderate levels of stress with the emotional dimension being the most influential factor on their stress levels. Further studies are needed to broaden understanding of the factors that can influence stress levels in gangrene patients and efforts that can be made to reduce their impact.

Impact of heat stress of varying severity on papaya (Carica papaya) leaves: Major changes in stress volatile signatures, but surprisingly small enhancements of total emissions

Diabetes mellitus is a major health problem that has reached an alarming level and endangers health. Patients with diabetes mellitus experience various physiological and psychological problems, one of which is stress. The stress condition of diabetes mellitus patients that is not treated can worsen their condition so that stress management is needed, self-hypnosis therapy with positive self-talk. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of self-hypnosis therapy with positive self-talk on the stress level of diabetes mellitus patients in the Working Area of Puskesmas II West Denpasar in 2023. This type of pre-experimental research was with a one-group pre-post test design. The sampling technique used purposive sampling with a total of 30 research subjects. The research instrument uses the Perceived StressScale-10. The results showed that before being given self-hypnosis therapy with positive self-talk, 9 people (30.0%) had mild stress, 18 people (60.0%) had moderate stress and 3 people had severe stress (10.0%). After treatment, stress levels decreased, namely 17 people (56.7%) had mild stress and 13 people (43.3%) had moderate stress. There is an effect (p=0.00) of Self-Hypnosis Therapy With Positive Self-Talk on stress levels in diabetes mellitus patients in the Working Area of Puskesmas II Denpasar Barat in 2023. Self-Hypnosis Therapy With Positive Self-Talk can reduce stress levels in diabetic mellitus patientsScale-10. The results showed that before being given self-hypnosis therapy with positive self-talk, 9 people (30.0%) had mild stress, 18 people (60.0%) had moderate stress and 3 people had severe stress (10.0%). After treatment, stress levels decreased, namely 17 people (56.7%) had mild stress and 13 people (43.3%) had moderate stress. There is an effect (p=0.00) of Self-Hypnosis Therapy With Positive Self-Talk on stress levels in diabetes mellitus patients in the Working Area of Puskesmas II Denpasar Barat in 2023. Self-Hypnosis Therapy With Positive Self-Talk can reduce stress levels indiabetic mellitus patients.

Stress is a major public health issue that can impact both physical and mental well-being. It is prevalent in many areas of modern life, including education. Healthcare students are at a high risk of experiencing stress due to the unique demands of their fields of study. An online survey was conducted on 2,515 undergraduate students pursuing degrees in medicine, preventive medicine, pharmacy, and nursing at Can Tho University of Medicine and Pharmacy in Can Tho City, Vietnam. Using the Perceived Stress Scale-10 (PSS-10), it was found that 35.2% of students reported mild stress, 62.7% had moderate stress, and only 2.1% experienced severe stress. Multivariable logistic regression analysis revealed nine significant factors associated with students' stress levels (p ≤ 0.05). Particularly, medicine students exhibited a significantly higher level of moderate and severe stress (95% CI = 1.22-2.01), 1.57 times higher than preventive medicine students. Sixth-year students had a stress level 1.58 times higher (95% CI = 1.11-2.26) than first-year students. Students achieving excellent and very good academic performances in the last semester had a stress level 1.60 times higher (95% CI = 1.16-2.22) than students with average and lower academic performance. Students living at home had a stress level 1.73 times higher (95% CI = 1.05-2.84) than students living in their relatives' houses. Students who rarely or never had a part-time job during academic years had a stress level 1.70 times higher (95% CI = 1.31-2.20) than those who often or sometimes had a part-time job. Students with a family history of smoking addiction had a stress level 1.69 times higher (95% CI = 1.28-2.22) than students without such a family history. Students who rarely or never received concern and sharing from family had a stress level 7.41 times higher (95% CI = 5.07-10.84) than students who often or sometimes received concern and sharing from family. Students who were often or sometimes cursed by family had a stress level 2.04 times higher (95% CI = 1.09-3.81) than students who were rarely or never cursed by family. Students without close friends had a stress level 1.46 times higher (95% CI = 1.11-1.91) than students with close friends. The rates of mild and moderate stress levels were significantly higher than severe stress level among healthcare students. Research has provided scientific findings as the basis for determining risk factors and imposing solutions that aim to reduce the rate of stress in students. Therefore, it helps students overcome difficulties and enhance their physical and mental health.

Covid 19 has brought many changes in human life. Currently, the campus is implementing an online learning system, aka online (in the network). This has an impact on final year students who are writing a thesis which will usually cause stress when compiling a thesis. Therefore, progressive muscle relaxation can reduce stress and learn how to relax tense muscles. The purpose of this study was to determine whether progressive muscle relaxation therapy can relieve or reduce stress levels in final year students. The research design used was quasi experimental. The research design used "pre test post test with control group design." The sample size obtained in this study was 30 respondents with a sampling technique carried out in the form of probability sampling with non-equivalent control group techniques. The data analysis used was the Wilcoxon test data analysis with a significance level of α = 0.05. If the value of ρ <0.05 then Ha is accepted. The research results from statistical analysis using the Wilcoxon test obtained the value of ρ = 0.001, where the value of ρ is smaller than the value of α = 0.05, so Ha is accepted. The results of the study proved that there was an effect of progressive muscle relaxation therapy on stress levels in final year students in the Indonesian Muslim University nursing study program. The conclusion of this study is that before being given progressive muscle relaxation therapy, the stress levels for final year students were moderate stress, severe stress and very heavy stress. Meanwhile, after being given progressive muscle relaxation therapy intervention, there was a decrease in stress levels, namely normal, mild stress and moderate stress.

Objective: to determine the level of stress in students of different years of studies of medical and agrarian universities, to estimate the level of stress expressiveness and prevailing symptoms. Material and methods. The level and structure of stress were estimated using the scale of PSM-25 adapted by N. E. Vodopyanova. The level of stress in groups of first and fourth year students was determined, the prevailing symptoms in different age groups were assessed. Results. The obtained data confirm the low level of stress in different year students of different universities. It has been found that first year medical students had higher level of stress than those of agrarian universities. It has been revealed that first year medical students had prevailing symptoms related to higher level of anxiety and fourth year medical students had prevailing symptoms related to physical ailment. Conclusion. The obtained results make it possible to formulate practical recommendations promoting successful adaptation of students at institutions of higher education.

Backgroud: Covid-19 disease is a disease that attacks the respiratory tract with mild symptoms, without symptoms, until severe acute respiratory syndrome occurs. Covid-19 transmission occurs through droplets in the form of patient saliva, mucus and sputum. The Covid-19 pandemic is causing mental health problems in both people who are infected, not infected or not known to be infected. The results of the preliminary study found that 9 employees at Panti Rahayu Hospital with positive confirmation of Covid-19 experienced variations in length of stay, stress levels, and coping mechanisms. 
 Aim:This study aims to obtain an overview of the stress level and coping mechanisms of employees for confirmation of Covid-19. 
 Method: The research method used is mix methods by combining quantitative and qualitative descriptive research. The study population was all employees of Covid-19 confirmation with a total sampling of 15 respondents. Collecting data using a survey method, by questionnaire and structured interviews. The stress level was measured by using the Depression Anxiety Stress Scale (DASS) questionnaire and the coping mechanism was measured by the ways of coping quesionare (revised). 
 Result: The results showed that the number of employees confirming Covid -19 with mild stress levels was 6 respondents (40%), moderate stress was 2 respondents (13%) and severe stress was 7 people (47%). The adaptive coping mechanism used was 11 respondents (73%) and 4 respondents in a maladaptive way (37%). With the chi-square test, there is a significant relationship between stress levels and the coping mechanism of Covid-19 confirmation employees with a p value of 0.044 (α: 0.05). 
 Conclusions: The lower the stress level, the coping mechanism used tends to be adaptive, while those who experience severe stress levels tend to use the maladaptive coping mechanism.
 Keywords: stress level, coping mechanism, Covid-19

Stress is a pattern of reaction and general adaptation, in the sense that the pattern of reaction to a stressor, which can come from within or outside the individual concerned, can be real or not real in nature. This study aims to determine the level of stress experienced by students of the Faculty of Medicine, Yarsi University class of 2016 and its relation to the results of the clerk's office. The research design used was cross sectional. Student stress levels were measured using the Perceived Stress Scale questionnaire. Data on clinical clerkship results were obtained from exam results. The results of the study were obtained from 85 students, 47.1% of Yarsi University Faculty of Medicine students class of 2016 experienced mild stress levels, 31.8% experienced moderate stress levels, and 21.2% experienced severe stress levels. This means that the stress level of Yarsi University Medical Faculty students is in the mild to moderate criteria. The results showed that the level of mild stress was higher in the number of students who got an A clerkship score, namely 3 out of 40 people (3.54) and 37 people (43.53%) got an A- clerkship score. Furthermore, students with high levels of stress got more AB scores, namely 12 students out of 18 students (14.12%). In this study, it was found that there was a relationship between stress levels and the results of clinical clerkship scores (p value <0.05).