The Correlation between Critical Thinking and Metacognitive Skills on Student Retention Across Genders in Senior High School

This study aims to determine whether there is a relationship and difference between science process skills and students' critical thinking skills based on gender. This type of research is descriptive quantitative research. The instruments used observation sheets and essay test questions. The sampling technique used was purposive sampling with samples of 90 students. The data analysis technique used by the researcher was descriptive statistics of Pearson Correlation and ANOVA tests. The results obtained were that the science process skills of students at SMPN 2 Batanghari were classified as good and dominated by female students with a percentage of 80.4%. Critical thinking skills were dominated by female students with a percentage of 32.6% (very critical). Then, there was a significant relationship between science process skills and students' critical thinking skills. Then, in the ANOVA test, male and female students' p-values of science process skills and critical thinking skills were less than 0.05. Therefore, there was a difference between the scientific process and the critical thinking skills of female and male students. This research is expected to contribute to schools and further research to improve learning methods that support critical thinking and science process skills.

Metacognitive abilities and critical thinking support the success of learning biology, so these skills need to be empowered. The purpose of this study is to determine the effectiveness of the practicum-based discovery learning model to improve critical and metacognitive thinking skills in digestive system material. The research method is a quasi-experimental research with a one-grub pretest-posttest design. The research was conducted from November to December 2022 at SMA Negeri 9. The research was carried out from November to December 2022 at one of the high schools in Mataram City. The research population was 98 students of class XI Science. The research sampling technique is a purposive sampling technique. The data collection technique used a test technique, namely 9 critical thinking essay questions and MAI. The instruments used in this study were the ability to think critically about the digestive system with several questions and the MAI instrument. The data analysis technique uses inferential statistics using the Paired Sample T-Test Assisted by SPSS IBM 27 software. The results of the study show that with an alpha of 5%, the practicum-based discovery learning model is effective for increasing critical thinking skills and metacognitive abilities. The average pre-test of critical thinking skills on the digestive system material was 54.0333 and the post-test was 75.8667. While the average pre-test of metacognitive abilities is 73.37 and the post-test of metacognitive abilities is 76.93 The application of the practicum-based discovery learning model effectively improves students' critical thinking and metacognitive skills with an alpha significance level of 5%.

Critical thinking skills are the ability to think individuals in managing information, finding solution, and evaluating the problems obtained based on six criteria, namely (1) Focus, (2) Reason, (3) Inference, (4) Situation, (5) Clarity and (6) Overview. HOTS questions are a type of question that can help hone students' critical thinking skills. This research is a descriptive study with a qualitative approach that aims to describe students' critical thinking skills in solving HOTS questions in terms of gender. The instrument used in this study was a math ability test and HOTS questions. The subjects used in this study consisted of two junior high school students, one male student and one female student with high math ability. The results of the research on male students' critical thinking skills in solving HOTS questions show that male students are able to understand and find the essence of the problem, can provide reasons that support the way male students use, and can draw conclusions using the method that male students have used, so that male students meet the indicators of critical thinking Focus, Reason, and Inference. The ability to think critically of female students shows that female students can understand and find the essence of the problem, can provide reasons that support the way female students use it, can draw conclusions using the method that female students have determined, female students can reveal important factors that support the method used , and can describe the term at every step of the completion, so that female students meet the indicators of critical thinking Focus, Reason, Inference, Situation, and Clarity.
 Keywords: Critical Thinking, Higher Order Thinking Skill


 
 
 The Indonesian curriculum states that science education is one of the efforts to improve the quality of people's lives to be able to have knowledge and skills in solving problems. Problem solving skills require capable critical thinking skills to be able to analyze, assess and reconstruct the knowledge they have to solve problems. In addition, the ability to think critically is an important aspect that must be developed according to the competence of 21st-century skills. This research is a type of qualitative research with a case study approach to identify students' critical thinking skills using the Engineering design process (EDP) integrated physics module which is differentiated by gender. The subjects of this study were six students, each consisting of three male students and three female students in class XI MIPA 2 at MAN 1 Jember. The data was collected in the form of observation data, documentation, and interviews. The data collected will be reduced, analyzed based on indicators of critical thinking skills, and presented to then draw conclusions. All data obtained will be tested for validity using triangulation techniques. The results of the identification of critical thinking skills indicate that there are differences in the characteristics of the problem-solving process between male and female students. Female students are better at interpreting problems accurately and in detail than male students. Meanwhile, male students dominate in giving ideas, and even though some ideas are not quite in accordance with the concepts of physics, and are still in doubt. Overall, there is no significant difference between the critical thinking abilities of male and female students. All students tend to still not fully understand the physics concepts related to solutions so that the statements and opinions given regarding solutions tend to be less clear and less logical.
 
 

The purpose of this study is to examine the dynamics of students’ critical and metacognitive thinking skills, and their contribution to achieving the success of high school students’ Indonesian learning. This study uses a quantitative approach with a correlational design. The population of this study were students of class X SMA Negeri in East Java, with cluster random sampling technique. Data were collected through questionnaire filling techniques and summative score scores, namely the results of students’ final semester exams. The data were analyzed using bivariate analysis and multivariate correlation techniques, which were used to determine the close relationship between the three variables and to determine the direction of the relationship. The results of this study found that there was a dynamic of students’ critical thinking and metacognitive abilities ranging from the lowest score of 65 to the highest score of 92 for critical thinking ability, and the lowest score of 60 to the highest score of 93. The results of the analysis showed that the significance value of 2- tailed critical thinking and metacognitive abilities, critical thinking and metacognitive skills, critical thinking skills and learning outcomes critical thinking skills and learning outcomes, metacognitive abilities and learning outcomes 0.000 < 0.05, and 2-tailed significance value critical thinking skills, metacognitive and outcomes learning is 0.000 < 0.05, so there is a correlation between critical thinking skills, metacognitive and learning outcomes.

This study aims to describe the differences in the critical thinking ability of male and female students at junior high school (SMPN 27 Surabaya) on environmental pollution topics. The type of research used is descriptive. The research sample was 34 students of SMPN 27 Surabaya class VII F consisting of 17 female students and 17 male students. Data collection was carried out using critical thinking skills tests, student questionnaires, and learning observation sheets. The data obtained include students' critical thinking skills, observation results, and interview results that have been grouped based on the student's gender. The results of this study show that there are differences in critical thinking skills between male students and female students. Female students scored an average critical thinking ability of 75, while male students scored 65. The critical thinking ability of female students is higher than that of male students, as evidenced by the average score of female students being higher than that of male students. It shows that in learning activities, teachers must pay attention to student gender differences, motivate students, and choose the appropriate learning model.

The quality education depends on quality of learning process. So, it was needed to know how the student initial ability. This research aimed to describe the physics students critical thinking skill and creative thinking skill about physics concept. The method was descriptive research. The research respondents were physics students of 37 person at Class A, it consists of 5 male students and of 32 female students and physics student of 35 person at Class B, it consists of 5 male students and of 30 female students which have been take thermodynamics and modern physics on odd semester, academic year 2018/2019. The research data which was collected by using test, observation and documentation. The research data was analysed by using indicator percentage and descriptive. The result showed that average of critical thinking skill was 78,65. Interpretating around 6,8 Analysing around 8,17, evaluating around 8,97, Inferensi around 8,41 and explanation ability around 6,94. The average of creative thinking skill was 78,92. Creative thinking skill was fluency was 8,09, flexibility 8,4, originality 7,58 and elaboration 7,45. Therefore, an effort needed to improve physics student critical and creative thinking skill. It can be done by using some interactive model, media and teaching material in physics learning. Beside that needed alternative solution for development learning resource on learning physics in Higher Education with another local potential context.

The suicide mortality rate per 100 000 population (SMRP) consistently decreased before the COVID-19 pandemic outbreak in Japan and then unexpectedly increased during the pandemic. However, the underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood. To identify trends in and factors associated with suicidal mortality and motives among students in Japan from 2007 to 2022. In this cross-sectional study, data on SMRPs among Japanese middle-school, high-school, and university students were obtained from the government suicide database Suicide Statistics of the National Police Agency. Age-dependent and temporal fluctuations in annual SMRPs, disaggregated by suicidal motive (7 categories and 52 subcategories), sex, and school, were analyzed using linear mixed-effect and joinpoint regression models, respectively. Total suicide numbers from 2007 to 2022 were as follows: 760 male middle-school students, 635 female middle-school students, 2376 male high-school students, 1566 female high-school students, 5179 male university students, and 1880 female university students. The mean (SD) student populations from 2007 to 2022 were as follows: 1 752 737 (81 334) male middle-school students, 1 675 572 (78 824) female middle-school students, 1 648 274 (67 520) male high-school students, 1 614 828 (60 032) female high-school students, 1 652 689 (32 724) male university students, and 1 229 142 (57 484) female university students. Among male students, the leading motives were school-related factors (underachievement and worrying about the future), followed by family-related and health-related motives. Among female students, school-related and family-related motives decreased, but health-related motives showed an age-dependent increase. The SMRPs of middle-school male students and female students were almost equal (mean [SD], 2.7 [1.0] vs 2.4 [1.4]), but the age-dependent increase in SMRPs among male students was pronounced (mean [SD], high-school vs university male students, 9.1 [2.4] vs 19.6 [3.0]; high-school vs university female students, 6.1 [2.4] vs 9.6 [1.8]). However, the incidence of suicide among high-school students associated with health-related motives was greater in female students. The majority of suicides associated with major impactable suicidal motives (school-related, health-related, and family-related motives) began increasing before the pandemic. Changes in SMRP associated with interpersonal relationships, such as conflict with classmates or parents, were not significant, but the rates increased greatly during the pandemic. School-related, health-related, and family-related problems were major motives, whereas the impacts of health-related and family-related motives increased and decreased with age, respectively. Notably, most SMRPs associated with major impactable motives (underachievement, conflict with a parent or classmate, and mental illnesses) had already begun increasing in the late 2010s, indicating that recent increasing SMRPs among school-aged individuals were associated with pandemic-related factors and other factors affecting this generation before the pandemic. It may be inappropriate to uniformly apply research findings based on school-aged individuals to school-based suicide prevention programs for students in middle school, high school, and university.

This research begins with the results of interviews and observations which show that the value of students' mathematical critical thinking skills in class VII SMP Negeri 1 Sungai Lala is still low and there are differences between female students and male students in the process of solving the exercises given by the teacher. The purpose of this study was to determine whether there is a difference between critical thinking skills based on gender differences. This type of research is descriptive qualitative research. The subjects in this study were four students consisting of two female students and two male students, in which the four students were selected based on their critical thinking ability scores. The research instruments were questionnaire sheets and test questions. The data obtained will be analyzed by means of data reduction, data presentation, and data verification. Based on the results of the study showed that the results of the questionnaire percentage of critical thinking skills for female students were higher than for male students. The percentage results obtained were 50.77% for female students and 49.23% for male students. The completion of critical thinking ability test questions between female students and male students has differences. Female students have been able to master the five indicators of critical thinking skills in solving test questions, while for male students there are two indicators of critical thinking abilities that they have not yet mastered. In terms of conclusion, that female students have excellent critical thinking skills while male students have good critical thinking skills.

This study aims to analyze the students’ mathematical critical thinking skills in the circle material. The method used in this study is descriptive. The technique of collecting data through a test of critical thinking skills consisting of 2 items of the essay. The research subjects were the VIII grade students’ of SMP Negeri 3 Bandar Lampung, totaling 106 students consisting of 53 male students and 53 female students. The results showed that the percentage of male students' critical thinking skills indicators achievement was better than the female students. The results show that there is a need for innovation that can make learning effective in facilitating the critical thinking skills of male and female students. Keyword: mathematical critical thinking skills

The purpose of this research is to compare the effectiveness of learning models to develop student critical thinking skills and retention in mathematics through the application of Problem Based Learning (PBL) models and multimedia assisted Direct Instruction (DI) models for students who have different cognitive styles. This research is quasi-experimental type, using non-equivalent control group design. Subject of this research are students in three different senior high school with two class samples in each school. There are 102 students of control class with Direct Instruction learning model by multimedia and 97 students of experiment class with Problem Based Learning model. The instrument of this research are test and questionnaires. The findings of this research are that there are significant differences in student critical thinking skills and retention between groups of student with Field Dependent (FD) and Field Independent (FI) cognitive styles and also between group of student with Direct Instruction model and Problem Based Learning model. Each learning model has interaction with critical thinking skills but not student retention. This research is useful for educators to develop students critical thinking skills processes with an effective learning model approach especially for senior high school students. The educators can know the interaction of cognitive styles with student retention, the extent to which cognitive styles are able to have an impact on student retention. This research provides knowledge an effective learning model to develop critical thinking skills and retention of student both Field Dependent and Field Independent cognitive style. Based on cognitive style, Field Independent students have higher retention and critical thinking skills compared to Field Dependent students.

The ability to think critically is one of the abilities that must be mastered by students and has an important role in the mathematics learning process. Based on initial observations, it shows that the critical thinking skills of fifth graders at SD Negeri Tindoi are still low. This study aims to analyze students' critical thinking skills on the flat-shaped material. This research is a qualitative research. This study uses 4 indicators of critical thinking skills according to Robert Ennis, namely providing simple explanations, making further explanations, determining strategies and tactics, and concluding. The subjects in this study were 9 students of class V SD Negeri Tindoi, consisting of 3 male students and 6 female students. Data collection was carried out by written tests, interviews, and document studies. Data analysis techniques used are data reduction, data presentation, and drawing conclusions. The technique of checking the validity of the data is using the triangulation technique. Based on the results of the study, it was shown that the critical thinking skills of the fifth grade students of SD Negeri Tindoi belonged to the low category. This can be seen by the number of students who have low critical thinking skills as many as 4 students, 2 students with sufficient critical thinking skills, and 3 students with very low critical thinking skills out of 9 students. The students' critical thinking ability on each indicator in solving the problem of flat shape material shows different results in each category of critical thinking ability, namely: 1) Students with sufficient critical thinking ability have been able to meet three indicators of critical thinking ability, namely the indicator provides an explanation. simple, determine strategies and tactics and conclude. 2) Students with sufficient critical thinking skills have been able to meet two indicators of critical thinking skills, namely indicators of providing simple explanations, determining strategies and tactics, and 3) Students with very low critical thinking skills are only able to meet one indicator of critical thinking skills, namely indicators provide a simple explanation.

One of the essential skills that must be approved in the era of the industrial revolution 4.0 is critical thinking skills. One way to equip students to face global challenges in the 21st century. The aim of the study is to know differences critical thinking of junior high school students based on the gender. The research method is descriptive research. The sampling technique by random sampling technique. The data collection method used a critical thinking skills test with 7 description questions that were tested for 92 students by VII grade in one of junior high schools in Yogyakarta, with details of 47 male students and 45 female students. Analysis of the test results was carried out in a descriptive qualitative manner. Based on the results of the study showed the average critical thinking of female students had an average value of 42.67% while male students had an average value of 41.94%. The conclusion is critical about students in general, both male and female students depend on very low categories. So there needs to be innovation in science learning, such as using learning models, media, supporting teaching materials that can improve students’ critical thinking skills.

This research will describe the interaction of learning and gender approaches to the critical thinking skills of Science Elementary School students. This study used a quasi-experimental design method using a 2 x 2 factorial research design and saturated samples. Data were collected using the essay questions given at the beginning and end of the treatment. Test the hypothesis using Two way ANOVA. This study resulted in differences in critical thinking skills among students who were given treatment with video-based IBL approach in science learning is higher than conventional. Critical thinking skills among the group of female students outnumbered male students. There is no interaction effect of the video-based inquiry-based learning (IBL) strategy and gender on critical thinking skills. In the group of female students, the critical thinking ability of students who were given a video-based IBL approach was higher than conventional. In the group of male students, students who received a video-based IBL approach demonstrated greater critical thinking skills than conventional students. In the group of students who were given a video-based IBL approach, female students outperformed male students in critical thinking abilities. Male students have a stronger critical thinking capacity than female students in the group of students given the standard approach.

&lt;span&gt;This was quantitative correlational research, which investigated the correlation between metacognitive skills and scientific attitudes towards the retention of male and female students in South Sulawesi, Indonesia. The research sample was biology education students in the second semester, with 104 students consisting of 47 males and 57 females. The instruments employed in this study were those for assessing metacognitive skills, scientific attitudes, and retention. Metacognitive skills and retention were measured using essay tests, while scientific attitudes were measured using observation sheets. The results indicated that the value of the simultaneous contribution of metacognitive skills and scientific attitudes towards to the retention of female students was higher than that of male students. The effective contributions of metacognitive skills and scientific attitude towards male students' retention were 3.33% and 24.67%. Metacognitive skills and scientific attitudes both contribute 14.5% and 17.2%, respectively, to female students’ retention.&lt;/span&gt;