The correlation between Blood group type and Diabetes Mellitus Type II

Abstract

Background and objective: Type 2 diabetes mellitus is typically a multifactorial disorder involving genetic and environmental factors to variable extents. The aim of this research was to find out if there is a relationship between the “ABO” and “Rhesus” blood groups and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Methods: A case-control study was carried out at Azadi Teaching Hospital in Duhok city for six months, from 1st July 2019 to 1st January 2020. The study included 800 individuals including 400 randomly selected diabetic patients and 400 non-diabetic adults of both genders. Standard slide agglutination method at room temperature was performed to determine the ABO and Rh blood groups. Results: Out of 400 patients, 185(46.25%) were male and 215(53.75%) were female. It was found that out of 400 randomly selected patients, majority had O blood group 193(48.25%), 109(27.25%) had A, 65(16.25%) had B, 33(8.25%) had AB group. A higher frequency of O blood group was encountered among the diabetics comparing to the control (48.25% vs. 37.75%). On applying the Chi-square test, the blood groups O and type 2 diabetes mellitus were found to have a statistically significant relationship (Chi-square value - 8.14, P <0.005) and no statistically significant association between the Rh group and type 2 DM was observed (P >0.05). Conclusion: According to this study, people with the O blood group are at a greater risk of having type 2 diabetes mellitus, but there was no discrepancy in type 2 diabetes mellitus risk between Rhesus positive and negative classes. The level of blood groups A among diabetic patients is also concluded to be substantially lower.