Abstract
BackgroundTo retrospectively compare axial elongation in children with different degrees of myopia wearing spectacles and undergoing ortho-k treatment.MethodsThe medical records of 128 patients who were fitted with spectacles or orthokeratology (ortho-k) lenses in our clinic between 2008 and 2009 were reviewed. Ortho-k group comprised 65 subjects and 63 subjects wearing spectacles were included in the control group. Subjects were also divided into low-myopia, moderate-myopia and high-myopia groups, based on the basic spherical equivalent refractive error. Axial length periodically measured over 2-year of lens wear and changes in axial length were compared between treatment groups and between subgroups with different degrees of myopia.ResultsThe control group exhibited more changes in axial length than the ortho-k group at both 12 months (0.39 ± 0.21 mm vs 0.16 ± 0.17 mm, p <0.001) and 24 months (0.70 ± 0.35 mm vs 0.34 ± 0.29 mm, p <0.001). Axial length elongation was estimated to be slower by about 51% in the ortho-k group. Similar results were found for the subgroups (49%, 59% and 46% reductions, respectively). In the group with low and moderate myopia, the annual increases in axial length were significantly different between the ortho-k and control groups during both the first ( Low myopia: 0.19 ± 0.17 mm vs 0.40 ± 0.18 mm, p = 0.001; Moderate myopia: 0.14 ± 0.18 mm vs 0.45 ± 0.22 mm, p <0.001) and second ( Low myopia: 0.18 ± 0.14 mm vs 0.32 ± 0.19 mm, p = 0.012; Moderate myopia: 0.18 ± 0.16 mm vs 0.34 ± 0.30 mm, p = 0.030) years. In the high myopia groups, significant differences were only found between the ortho-k and control groups during the first year (0.16 ± 0.18 mm vs 0.34 ± 0.22 mm, p = 0.004). The 2-year axial elongation was significantly associated with initial age (p <0.001) and treatment (p <0.001), but not with gender, initial refractive error, initial axial length, initial corneal curvature.ConclusionsThis 2-year study indicates that ortho-k contact lens wear is effective for reducing myopia progression in children with low, moderate and high myopia.
Highlights
To retrospectively compare axial elongation in children with different degrees of myopia wearing spectacles and undergoing ortho-k treatment
Myopia is a remediable cause of visual impairment [12] and is one of the five priorities set by Vision 2020, the global initiative for the elimination of avoidable blindness, launched by the World Health Organization (WHO) [13]
The spherical equivalent refractive error (SER) ranged from −1.25 to −2.75 D in the low myopia group, from −3.25 to −5.50 D in the moderate myopia group and from −6.00 to −7.88 D in the high myopia group (Table 2)
Summary
To retrospectively compare axial elongation in children with different degrees of myopia wearing spectacles and undergoing ortho-k treatment. Myopia is one of the most common ocular disorders and has become more prevalent in both adults and children [1,2]. High myopia is associated with increased risks of retinal and vitreous detachments as well as other disorders, such as glaucoma and macular degeneration. High myopia is associated with increased healthcare costs and ocular-related morbidity [3]. Myopia is a remediable cause of visual impairment [12] and is one of the five priorities set by Vision 2020, the global initiative for the elimination of avoidable blindness, launched by the World Health Organization (WHO) [13]. Vision 2020 seeks to increase awareness of the growing problem of myopia in children. If effective treatment strategies can be found to reduce the rate of myopic progression, effects on socioeconomic health caused by myopia, can be profoundly reduced
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