Abstract
Multiphase flows are common in industrial settings and bends in pipe lines cannot be avoided due to space limitations. Gas-liquid two phase flows could form material discontinuities that could have adverse effect on productivity and the pipe network due to sudden variations resulting due to the rapid momentum flux variations at fittings such as bends. Research into gas-liquid flow and bends can be motivated by the effect of the bend on the flow downstream of it which could alter the flow pattern occurring and the performance of downstream equipment. Alternatively, the interest might come from what occurs in the bend itself, there could be dryout of the film on the walls and consequent damage to the heat transfer equipment. Here we present measurements made with a number of accurate and fast responding sensors on three cases, two on the effect of the bend and one considering effects in the bend. The results show that the flow transformations occur in two phase flows depending on the orientation of the bend and the change could be captured using fast sweeping measurement techniques. We present the evidence of effectiveness of several types of measurement techniques that could fit into various combinations of phases. The results, point to how to achieve certain flow patterns. Also recommendations are provided regarding the position of any sensor installed to determine flow pattern.
Highlights
Gas-liquid flow occurs in a variety of industries in many pieces of equipment and the linking pipework between them as well as in the environment
In the case of a 180° bend with both inlet and outlet pipes horizontal, whether the two pipes are in the same horizontal plane or whether the inlet or outlet pipe is on top can cause very noticeable difference to the flow as shown by Sakamoto et al [2]
Tap water drawn by a pump from a storage tank is injected into a mixer where it is mixed with the air supplied from a compressor
Summary
Gas-liquid flow occurs in a variety of industries in many pieces of equipment and the linking pipework between them as well as in the environment. Of the diverse geometries through which gasliquid flows pass, bends are an almost overlooked component. They are central to some equipment such as fired reboilers. It is noted that volcanic conduits can include changes of direction, i.e., bends [1]. It will be shown below that there are significant differences in going from horizontal to vertical and from vertical to horizontal. There is the orientation of the bend. In the case of a 180° bend with both inlet and outlet pipes horizontal, whether the two pipes are in the same horizontal plane or whether the inlet or outlet pipe is on top can cause very noticeable difference to the flow as shown by Sakamoto et al [2]
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