The Contributions of Caliph Abu Bakr to the First Muslim Liberation of Islamicjerusalem

Abstract

The first Muslim fath/ liberation of Islamicjerusalem in the seventh century was a remarkable historical turning point for the Holy Land. After centuries of exclusion, peace and inclusivity in Holy Land were finally established. Moreover, this historical event raised the standing of Islam between two superpowers, Byzantium and the Persia. As this vital event occurred in the era of ‘Umar Ibn al-Khattāb, several studies have documented his significant role. However, limited literature focuses on the role of his predecessor, the first Muslim Caliph, Abū Bakr al-Siddiq. Since his appointment as Caliph, Abū Bakr made crucial contributions not only to strengthen the foundation of the Islamic State in Madinah but also to liberate Islamicjerusalem. Investigation and analysis based on primary sources and historical records show that Caliph Abū Bakr was determined to continue the Prophet's plan to liberate Bayt al-Maqdis. Therefore, this study examined Caliph Abū Bakr’s contributions during his reign in paving the way for the liberation of the Holy Land. His significant contributions included sending out ’Usamah’s army, securing domestic threats and uniting Muslims during the Apostates War, prioritising and directing armies to al-Sham, and even the selection of his successor, all of which has contributed to the liberation of Bayt al-Maqdis. The result of this study supports the view that Caliph Abū Bakr's contributions enabled the first Muslim liberation of Islamicjerusalem to be achieved merely a few years after his demise, during the reign of his successor, ‘Umar Ibn al-Khattāb.