Abstract
Urban waters represent a crucial component for the enhancement of urban resilience due to their importance in cities. Nature-based solutions (NBS) have emerged as sustainable solutions to contribute to urban resilience in order to meet the challenges of climate change. In order to promote the use of NBS for increasing urban resilience, tools that demonstrate the value of this type of solutions over the long-term are required. A performance assessment system provides an adequate basis for demonstrating this value, as well as for diagnosing the current city situation, selecting and monitoring the implementation of solutions. Regarding NBS management, some assessment approaches have been published, focusing on assessing the effectiveness of NBS in the face of climate change and supporting their design and impact assessment. Nevertheless, an integrated approach to assess the NBS contribution for urban resilience has not been published. This paper presents a comprehensive resilience assessment framework (RAF) to evaluate the NBS contribution for urban resilience, focused on solutions for stormwater management and control. Furthermore, details on stakeholders’ validation, with focus on the metrics’ relevance and applicability to cities, is also presented.
Highlights
Climate change has fostered the need to develop and improve urban resilience by promoting a resilient city’s capabilities to absorb disruption, learn from the past, adapt, transform and prepare for the future
3) Yes, nature-based solutions (NBS) are scattered in the city, existing one or more NBS in each neighbourhood; 2) Yes, NBS are partially scattered in the city but they don’t exist in every neighbourhood; 1) No, a significant number of NBS are concentrated in a few location or 50% of NBS area corresponds to one NBS; Local air quality regulation (PB)
This paper presents the methodology adopted for the construction of a resilience assessment framework (RAF) to assess NBS contribution to urban resilience and the developed structure of the RAF for NBS, focused on solutions for stormwater management and control
Summary
Climate change has fostered the need to develop and improve urban resilience by promoting a resilient city’s capabilities to absorb disruption, learn from the past, adapt, transform and prepare for the future. Among the several projects analysed, common concerns and knowledge gaps relevant to the development of a specific RAF for NBS were identified Based on this analysis, an appropriate RAF for NBS should assess the following aspects: (i) social, environmental, economic, and governance dimensions; (ii) spatial and land use planning at the city level; (iii) service and infrastructure management; (iv) potential capabilities to provide ecosystem services (ES) and to enhance natural capital and biodiversity; (v) impacts on the surrounding area; (vi) infrastructure implementation and design, including adequate monitoring and maintenance processes; (vii) infrastructure performance under normal and stressing condition, considering acute shocks and continuous stresses; and (viii) infrastructure interdependencies with other urban services. The proposed framework, driven by resilience objectives and assessment criteria, aims to integrate the attributes identified for urban resilience assessment and the relevant aspects for the NBS evaluation
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