Abstract
We review some recent advances in the rheology of two-dimensional liquid foams, whichshould have implications for three-dimensional foams, as well as other mechanical systemsthat have a yield stress. We focus primarily on shear localization under steady shear, aneffect first highlighted in an experiment by Debrégeas et al. A continuum theorywhich incorporates wall drag has reproduced the effect. Its further refinements aresuccessful in matching results of more extensive observations and making interestingpredictions regarding experiments for low strain rates and non-steady shear. Despitethese successes, puzzles remain, particularly in relation to quasistatic simulations.The continuum model is semi-empirical: the meaning of its parameters may besought in comparison with more detailed simulations and other experiments. Thequestion of the origin of the Herschel–Bulkley relation is particularly interesting.
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