The content of fat acids of general lipids and heavy metals in pollen from dande-lion under different technogenic impact on environment

Abstract

The level of environmental impact was determined by the content of heavy metals (iron, zinc, copper, chromium, nickel, lead, arsenic and cadmium) in the pollen from dandelion (TaraxacumofficinaleWigg.). Samples of pollen from dandelion for laboratory tests were taken in apiaries located in areas with different intensity of traffic and industry. In particular, the training apiary of Lviv National University of Veterinary Medicine and Biotechnologies named after S.Z. Gzhytsky (the area with very heavy traffic and operation of industrial enterprises) and private beekeeping farms in Vynnyky town and Chyzhykiv village in Pustomiti district Lviv region (areas with less intensity of traffic and industry). Private beekeeping farms in Vynnyky town and Chyzhykiv village are located at a distance of 2–3 and 5–6 km from the training apiary of Lviv National University of Veterinary Medicine and Biotechnologies named after S.Z. Gzhytsky. Moreover, both the training apiary of Lviv National University of Veterinary Medicine and Biotechnologies named after S.Z. Gzhytsky and private beekeeping farms in Vynnyky and Chyzhykiv of Pustomiti district Lviv Oblast are located along the highway Lviv–Ternopil. In each of the mentioned above areas samples of the pollen of dandelion. And in each apiary the samples of the pollen of dandelion and newly built honeycombs were taken from three hives. To clarify the origin of species of the dandelion pollen the identification study was performed using the computer programs «LUCIA» (Laboratory Colour Image Analysis) and «Pollen Data Bank». In the selected samples of the bee pollen heavy metals were found and measured. In the selected samples of newly built honeycombs the concentration of heavy metals, anionic and nonetherified fatty acids and fatty acids of total lipids was measured. The content of heavy metals in the studied biological material was measured on atomic absorption spectrophotometer C–115 PC. The concentration of anionic and nonetherified fatty acids and fatty acids of total lipids in the studied biological material were measured by the gas–liquid chromatography. The resulting digital material was studied and analyzed by variation statistics using the Student's criterion. The arithmetic mean value and arithmetic errors were calculated. Changes were considered probable at p <0.05. For calculations a special computer program Origin 6.0, Excel (Microsoft, USA) was used. The pollen of the dandelion which grows in the area with medium and low technogenic load in comparison with the pollen of the dandelion which grows in the area with high technogenic load the amount of iron, zinc, copper, chromium, nickel, lead and cadmium decreases. The pollen of the dandelion which grows in the area with medium and low technogenic load in comparison with the pollen of the dandelion which grows in the area with high technogenic load the amount of fatty acids of common lipids increases mainly due to monounsaturated fatty acids of n–7 and n–9 families and polyunsaturated fatty acids of n–3 and n–6 families. Therefore their energetic, attractive, functional–metabolic and biologic value for the bee organism increases. The most considerable change in the amount of heavy metals and fatty acids of common lipids is observed in the pollen of the dandelion which grows in the area of low technogenic load.