Abstract
Global climate change has become one of the core issues of world governance. Many countries have put forward the goal of carbon neutrality one after another, leading to the intensification of international low-carbon economy competition. To assess the current low-carbon competitiveness among countries, this article constructs an evaluation index system of international low-carbon economy development, and obtains the scores and rankings of countries in energy, society, economy and environment, as well as overall. Taking 20 countries with the highest carbon emissions in the world in 2019 as samples, starting from the concept of low-carbon economy and five evaluation principles, this article selects 40 low-carbon evaluation indicators from five aspects, including economy, society, science and technology, environment, and energy structure. By using the principal component factor analysis method to calculate and test, the four factors, energy factor, society factor, economy factor, and environment factor, are finally extracted to construct the evaluation index system. Results show that South Korea, France, China, Canada, and Germany are among the world’s top five low-carbon economies. The overall competitiveness of China’s low-carbon economy is in a relatively favorable position (3rd overall), with the most outstanding performance in terms of economic strength (1st), but poor performance in terms of social development (9th) and environmental carrying capacity (9th), and the biggest disadvantage in terms of energy structure (13th).
Highlights
With the release of the IPCC AR6 Synthesis Report on August 9, 2021, the world will fully enter the era of “carbon neutrality,” and countries will strive to achieve carbon neutrality by the middle of the century
Compared with other countries, what advantages and obstacles does China have in developing a low-carbon economy? In what areas should China stick to its own development path, and in what areas should China learn from the experience of other countries? How does China fit into the global low-carbon economy?
Factor analysis is a multivariate technique that tries to identify a relatively small number of factors that represent the joint behavior of interdependent original variables
Summary
With the release of the IPCC AR6 Synthesis Report on August 9, 2021, the world will fully enter the era of “carbon neutrality,” and countries will strive to achieve carbon neutrality by the middle of the century. The main contributions of this article are as follows: 1) A new evaluation index system of international low-carbon economy development is designed and applicable to the national level. For China, it can clearly identify the level and shortcoming, which is conducive to exploring excellent, replicable, and generalizable institutional achievements of other countries, learning effective major reform measures and successful experiences, and promoting the realization of carbon neutrality goals This evaluation system is a means and tool to objectively evaluate the level of low-carbon economy development of each country at the nation level. The target layer is the international low-carbon economy development level, the criterion layer includes five dimensions of economy, society, science and technology, environment, and energy structure, and the index layer includes 11 first-level indicators and 40 second-level indicators. 22.572 · ScoreeCnheirngay + 21.929 · ScoresCohciinetay + 20.610 · ScoreeCchoinnoamy + 16.429 · ScoreeCnhviinraonment
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