Abstract
Aqueous humor (AH) is the fluid in the anterior and posterior chambers of the eye that contains proteins regulating ocular homeostasis. Analysis of aqueous humor proteome is challenging, mainly due to low sample volume and protein concentration. In this study, by utilizing state of the art technology, we performed Liquid-Chromatography Mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) analysis of 88 aqueous humor samples from subjects undergoing cataract surgery. A total of 2263 unique proteins were identified, which were sub-divided into four categories that were based on their detection in the number of samples: High (n = 152), Medium (n = 91), Low (n = 128), and Rare (n = 1892). A total of 243 proteins detected in at least 50% of the samples were considered as the constitutive proteome of human aqueous humor. The biological processes and pathways enriched in the AH proteins mainly include vesicle mediated transport, acute phase response signaling, LXR/RXR activation, complement system, and secretion. The enriched molecular functions are endopeptidase activity, and various binding functions, such as protein binding, lipid binding, and ion binding. Additionally, this study provides a novel insight into race specific differences in the AH proteome. A total of six proteins were upregulated, and five proteins were downregulated in African American subjects as compared to Caucasians.
Highlights
Aqueous humor (AH) is the fluid in the anterior and posterior chambers of the eye
We identified the constitutive proteome of human aqueous humor, which may be useful as a reference for future studies, by utilizing a large sample set, state of the art technology, and revolutionary data analysis methods
This study provides the proteomic repertoire of human AH while using a larger sample set and studymass provides the proteomic repertoire of human
Summary
Aqueous humor (AH) is the fluid in the anterior and posterior chambers of the eye. It is produced by the non-pigmented ciliary body epithelium primarily through active transport of ions and solutes into the posterior chamber [1,2,3,4]. The AH enters the anterior chamber via the lens and iris. After supporting the metabolic requirements of the avascular tissues of the anterior segment, the AH mainly exits the eye via the trabecular meshwork/Schlemm’s canal into the episcleral veins, known as conventional outflow. AH outflow occurs via an alternative route through the ciliary muscle bundles into the supraciliary and suprachoroidal spaces, which is known as uveoscleral outflow [5]. AH is an integral component in many ocular health functions, including nutrient and oxygen supply, the removal of metabolic waste, ocular immunity, and ocular shape and refraction [6,7,8]
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