Abstract
Cell signal transduction is a non-equilibrium process characterized by the reaction cascade. This study aims to quantify and compare signal transduction cascades using a model of signal transduction. The signal duration was found to be linked to step-by-step transition probability, which was determined using information theory. By applying the fluctuation theorem for reversible signal steps, the transition probability was described using the average entropy production rate. Specifically, when the signal event number during the cascade was maximized, the average entropy production rate was found to be conserved during the entire cascade. This approach provides a quantitative means of analyzing signal transduction and identifies an effective cascade for a signaling network.
Highlights
Cell signal transduction is a non-equilibrium process, which is characterized by the existence of signal transduction caused by a chemical reservoir of energetic metabolites, such as adenosine triphosphate (ATP)
We have reported analyses of the relationship between signal step occurrence/transition probability and step duration based on information theory [7,45,46]
For the purposes of our study, we introduce a model of signal transduction and define transitional probability of the individual steps, as well as step duration, in reference to the application of source coding theory and fluctuation theorem (FT) to signal transduction [40,41,42,43]
Summary
Cell signal transduction is a non-equilibrium process, which is characterized by the existence of signal transduction caused by a chemical reservoir of energetic metabolites, such as adenosine triphosphate (ATP). For the purposes of our study, we introduce a model of signal transduction and define transitional probability of the individual steps, as well as step duration, in reference to the application of source coding theory and fluctuation theorem (FT) to signal transduction [40,41,42,43]. Xm2 activates Xm3 in the same manner In this way, the signaling molecule at the j – 1-th step of cascade m, denoted as Xmj− 1 , induces the modification of Xmj into Xmj *. Τ mj represents the duration in which the active molecule Xmj * tentatively increases in Entropy. The individual step consists of both steps, and in the single j-th molecule the duration is represented by τ mj − τ −mj.
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