Abstract

For centuries no Orientals dared to question the greatness of Taoism. It has fascinated many people for a long time, and has left its trace deep in the Far East culture. Its impact is not limited to Asia. Hegel referred to it, and more recently Heidegger discussed it. Today many Westerners are tempted to find in it some ultimate lessons not found in the Western philosophical tradition. To be sure, there are many kinds of Taoism: the philosophical Taoism of Lao Tzu and Chuang Tzu, neo-Taoism, and religious Taoism. At the outset, however, I must make clear that the Taoism I am about to discuss refers to the first kind of Taoism. It is more than natural that numerous commentaries were written on the Taoist texts by Lao Tzu and Chuang Tzu, two eminent founders of Taoism, and that many different interpretations of it were proposed. In spite of these works we must admit that the nature of Taoism remains as confusing as it appears great, and that the meaning of “Tao,” essential to Taoism, still calls for clarification, as it is buried in elusiveness.

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