The Concept of Restorative Justice in the Juvenile Criminal Justice System: A Narrative Review of the Indonesian Context

Abstract

Indigenous Indonesians have practiced restorative justice for centuries, particularly in Papua, Bali, Toraja, Minangkabau, and other traditional groups that retain their culture tenaciously. Indigenous tribes manage problems locally, without contacting state authorities. The standard of justice is not retributive justice in the form of punishment or vengeance, but conviction and forgiveness. The notion of Indonesian customary law as a venue for customary justice institutions also includes a concept that is the origin of restorative justice. The current method of resolving criminal matters outside of court is either the outcome of a lengthy voyage of study and examples or experimental programs, or it is a social tradition. The fundamental ideas of restorative justice are still present in current practices. Victim-Offender Mediation, Conferencing/Family Group Conferencing, Circele, and Reparative Board/Youth Panel are the four practices that pioneered the application of Restorative Justice.