The compositions of rhizosphere microbiomes of wild and cultivated soybeans changed following the hybridization of their F1 and F2 generations

Abstract

Soybean is considered as one of the most important food for both humans and animals; unfortunately, it faces soil-borne diseases caused by bacteria or fungi, leading to severe yield losses. Hybridization has helped the soybean to obtain beneficial genes from wild species that can resist some adverse conditions. However, the influences of hybridization on the rhizosphere microbiomes of wild and cultivated soybeans have not been much elucidated until now. In this article, we investigated the influences of hybridization of wild and cultivated soybeans on the rhizosphere microbiomes using four soybean genotypes: the cultivated soybean (C), the wild soybean (W), the first hybridization generation (F1) and the second hybridization generation (F2). Results indicated that there had significant differences in both the fungal and bacterial communities in all four groups. More specifically, bacterial and fungal communities were more similar between the F2 generation and wild soybean groups. The relative abundances of Glomeromycota in wild soybean and F2 generation were significantly higher than those in C and F1 groups. Furthermore, the network analysis showed that the wild soybean had more complicated bacterial and fungal connections than other genotypes, which might help wild soybean maintain the beneficial traits of resistance to adverse conditions. Results of this study can provide a theoretical basis for recognizing the different members of the rhizosphere bacterial and fungal communities of wild and cultivated soybeans, as well as their offspring. Additionally, our findings will hopefully provide a practical guide for screening useful microbial resources from the wild soybean rhizomicrobiome.