Different Effects of Wild and Cultivated Soybean on Rhizosphere Bacteria

Abstract

Wild varieties of plants have stronger stress resistances than their cultivated relatives, and rhizosphere bacteria play an important role in improving the environmental adaptabilities of plants. However, the responses and adaptations of bacterial communities to wild soybean (Glycine soja Sieb. et Zucc) and cultivated soybean (Glycine max L.) have rarely been studied. Thus, the aim of this study was to investigate the differences in the rhizosphere bacterial communities of wild and cultivated soybeans under field and potted conditions using metagenomic analysis. The results showed that the rhizosphere bacterial diversity was higher in wild soybean than that in cultivated soybean in field samples, indicating that domestication leads to a decrease in the rhizosphere bacterial diversity of cultivated soybean. In addition, the higher RAs of beneficial and plant growth-promoting bacteria such as Acidobacteria, Gemmatimonadetes,Bradyrhizobium and Bacillus were in the wild soybean rhizosphere, illustrating that wild soybean has a stronger environmental resistance and adaptation than cultivated soybean. Meanwhile, soil pH, soil organic carbon, total nitrogen, total phosphorus, available phosphorus, and available potassium were significantly correlated with rhizosphere bacteria. Collectively, the rhizosphere bacteria of wild and cultivated soybean were different, wild soybeans increase the numbers of beneficial microbes in the rhizosphere to improve their environmental adaptability, and the utilization of wild resources might be an effective way to improve crop stress resistance.