The complete mitochondrial genome of Sturisomatichthys panamense (Siluriformes: Loricariidae) analysed by next-generation sequencing and phylogeny of the catfish subfamily Loricariinae (Siluriformes: Loricariidae)

Abstract

Sturisomatichthys panamense (Loricariidae, armored catfishes) is widespread throughout Central and South America from Pacific slope rivers of Panama to Caribbean slope rivers of Colombia. Due to the incredible body shape, it becomes one of the most popular pet fish in the world. However, little research has been done for this species, especially its genetic resource. In the present study, the complete mitochondrial DNA genome of S. panamense was first reported by next-generation sequencing method. The entire length of mitochondrial genome is 16,497 bp and the nucleotide composition was made up of 31.2% A, 28.3% C, 25.5% T, and 15.0% G, respectively, indicating an A + T (56.7%)-rich feature in the S. panamense complete mitogenome. The mitogenome includes 22 transfer RNA genes, 2 ribosomal RNA genes, 13 protein-coding genes and one control region. With the exception of 8 tRNA genes and NADH6, mitochondrial genes are encoded on the heavy strand, which was in line with other vertebrates. Phylogenetic trees centred on the Loricariinae were reconstructed using another 72 reported cytochrome c oxidase I (cox1) gene sequences. They indicated monophyly of the Loricariinae and presented a basal split within the Loricariinae resulting in two major tribes, the Loricariini and the Harttiini. Sturisomatichthys panamense was placed with Sturisoma panamense and formed a sister group to Sturisomatichthys citurensis in the phylogenetic trees.