Abstract
What role does perception play in human cognition? This is an important question in the research area of psychology. The current study aimed at exploring the influence of visual perceptual experience on human color cognition, by comparing the differences in behavioral and neuropsychological responses between congenital-blind and normal-sighted participants. The current study employed a semantic-priming paradigm, and presented prime-target word pairs to the participants randomly, such as, /bai2se4/ (white) -/xue3hua1/ (snow), or /bai2se4/ (white) - /mei2tan4/ (coal). All participants were instructed to decide whether the color term and the color of the object were matched or not. Results showed that (1) congenital-blind participants had acquired some color knowledge, but they were not as good as the sighted participants. (2) Mismatched color relationships induced significant N400 effects in both of the two groups, with a left hemisphere asymmetry. (3) However, compared with the sighted group, the blind group exhibited stronger N400 effects (i.e., larger amplitude of the difference waveform) and shorter N400 peak latencies. The current study suggests that congenital blindness have induced some cognitive and neuropsychology adaptive changes in blind people, and first-hand visual perceptual experience is important to color cognition but may be not prerequisite.
Highlights
日常生活中,明眼人颜色知识的获得在有意或无意中无时 无刻都在进行着,而盲人通过语言描述对颜色知识的获得 方式则具有一定局限性。这种获得途径的限制可能导致先 [7] Mahon, B
The current study suggests that congenital blindness have induced some cognitive and neuropsychology adaptive changes in blind people, and first-hand visual perceptual experience is important to color cognition but may be not prerequisite
本研究采用语义启动实验范式,使用事件相关电位电 位技术,测量并分析了先天盲被试和明眼被试在进行物体 颜色知识判断时的行为反应和电生理信号变化,进而旨在 探讨视觉经验与颜色认知之间的关系。结果发现,先天盲 被试对物体颜色判断的正确率高于随机水平,但低于明眼 被试。两组被试中都有出现由颜色关系不匹配所诱发的 N400效应,且这种N400效应在左侧电极更强,表现出左
Summary
日常生活中,明眼人颜色知识的获得在有意或无意中无时 无刻都在进行着,而盲人通过语言描述对颜色知识的获得 方式则具有一定局限性。这种获得途径的限制可能导致先 [7] Mahon, B. (3) compared with the sighted group, the blind group exhibited stronger N400 effects (i.e., larger amplitude of the difference waveform) and shorter N400 peak latencies. The current study suggests that congenital blindness have induced some cognitive and neuropsychology adaptive changes in blind people, and first-hand visual perceptual experience is important to color cognition but may be not prerequisite. 识的获得。成年人的认知能力的发展相对稳定,因此, 为了更清楚地说明视觉经验缺失对盲人颜色认知的影响, 感觉是较初级的心理过程,语言、思维、情绪等则是 高级认知过程。个体的感觉与认知之间究竟有着什么样的 关系呢?一些研究者认为,感觉与认知是相互独立的心理 过程,感觉知识以抽象符号的形式存储于概念层面,并与 感觉表征相分离[6,7,13,14]。但是,更多的研究者认为, 认知与感觉并不是相互独立的,认知以感觉体验为基础, 个体对周围世界的知识表征储存于感觉连接皮层[1,9, 16]。视觉是人类的一种重要感觉通道,明眼人在日常生 活中有意无意地习得各种颜色知识。人们通过观察蔬菜的 颜色来判断其是否新鲜;看到红灯停,看到绿灯行。与明 眼人不同,先天盲个体从一出生便丧失视觉,颜色无形、 无味、无声,视觉通道受阻的先天盲人无法通过眼睛来直 接感受各种各样的色彩。先天盲人和明眼人具有迥异的视 觉经验,为研究者探究感觉(本研究主要关注视觉)与认 知之间的关系提供了非常宝贵的研究模型。本研究主要通 过对比先天盲人和明眼人的颜色知识水平及其神经表征 的差异,进而探讨视觉经验与颜色认知之间的关系。 以往对盲人基本颜色认知的研究发现,盲人开始使 用颜色词的时间与同龄明眼人相似。有研究报告一个4 岁的盲童可以指出一些物体的颜色特征[4],8-13岁的盲 童能够说出大部分物体的颜色[10]。在颜色相似性判断任 务中,盲人与明眼被试的表现模式也具有高度相似性[8, 12,15]。我国研究者张积家及其同事[19]对盲童和明眼 儿童的颜色概念进行了对比研究,结果显示,中国盲童 颜色概念的通过顺序与同龄明眼儿童有所不同,后天盲 儿童对“白”和“紫”的通过率(即能够说出具有某种颜色 的物体的比例)显著高于先天盲儿童,中学盲童对“棕” 的通过率显著高于小学盲童;在颜色词的分类上,盲童 和正常儿童都有彩色/非彩色的维度,但明眼儿童还有暖
Sign-in/Register to view highlights & summary Sign-in/Register to access full text options 
Free) 
Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Schedule a call
