Abstract
BackgroundPropolis is a honeybee product displaying an anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and antioxidant effect on several tested animal models. Curcumin a polyphenol extracted from turmeric that gained interest as a potentially safe and inexpensive treatment for kidney diseases.The present study aimed to compare the protective effects of curcumin and propolis on endotoxemia-induced renal dysfunction.ResultsSepsis induction caused a marked decline in renal GSH, GPx, and GR, as well as antioxidant enzyme activities; CAT and SOD. Elevation in LPO, NO, IL-1β, and PGE2 contents were observed as well. A marked induction in Bax contents, Bax\\Bcl2 ratio, accompanied by activation of NF-kB in the kidney of sepsis-induced rats was reported. However, Prop pretreatment of endotoxemic rats was effective in controlling the depletion of renal GSH content and its correlated enzymes; Cur was more potent in maintaining the renal CAT and SOD contents, as well as, dimensioning LPO content. Despite the renal inflammatory marker IL-1β, PGE2, NO contents, Bax\\Bcl2 ratio, and NF-kB activation were greatly reduced by both curcumin and propolis, only Cur pretreatment attenuated NF-kB activation in kidney tissue of septic rat.ConclusionThough pretreatment of either Cur or Prop to septic rats protected their kidneys against oxidation, inflammation, and apoptosis status, Cur pretreatment was superior in protecting rats’ kidney after sepsis induction.
Highlights
Propolis is a honeybee product displaying an anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and antioxidant effect on several tested animal models
The present study showed that cecal slurry injection caused a reduction in the of Reduced glutathione (GSH) content, glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione reductase (GR) significantly at P < 0.05 (Fig. 1), CAT, and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities (Fig. 2) while causing a significant (P < 0.05) increase in oxidative stress markers (LPO and Nitric oxide (NO)) (Fig. 2) in kidney tissue homogenate in sepsis group
Sepsis caused a significant (P < 0.05) rise in Bax content accompanied to a significant depletion (P < 0.05) in B cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2) content which are the key proteins of apoptosis
Summary
Propolis is a honeybee product displaying an anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and antioxidant effect on several tested animal models. The present study aimed to compare the protective effects of curcumin and propolis on endotoxemia-induced renal dysfunction. The response progresses from inflammation to septic shock and multiple organ dysfunction syndrome leading to death. Sepsis is considered a complex systemic illness representing the deregulated host response to infection [2]. Research on sepsis including studies on pathogens, coagulation, Previous experimental data have shown that inflammatory mediators may influence abnormalities in renal tubular cells so renal damage occurs at sepsis attack. The recommendations of these studies guided scientists to investigate a promising concept concerning the pathogenesis of acute renal damage in sepsis [3]. The associations between inflammatory factors and kidney oxygenation, metabolism, inflammation, and function, where these factors promote leukocyte aggregation, which may result in
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