Abstract
BackgroundSuitable diagnostic markers for cancers are urgently required in clinical practice. Long non-coding RNAs, which have been reported in many cancer types, are a potential new class of biomarkers for tumor diagnosis.ResultsFive lncRNAs, including AK001058, INHBA-AS1, MIR4435-2HG, UCA1 and CEBPA-AS1 were validated to be increased in gastric cancer tissues. Furthermore, we found that plasma level of these five lncRNAs were significantly higher in gastric cancer patients compared with normal controls. By receiver operating characteristic analysis, we found that the combination of plasma lncRNAs with the area under the curve up to 0.921, including AK001058, INHBA-AS1, MIR4435-2HG, and CEBPA-AS1, is a better indicator of gastric cancer than their individual levels or other lncRNA combinations. Simultaneously, we found that the expression levels of a series of MIR4435-2HG fragments are different in gastric cancer plasma samples, but most of them higher than that in healthy control plasma samples.Materials and MethodsLncRNA gene expression profiles were analyzed in two pairs of human gastric cancer and adjacent non-tumor tissues by microarray analysis. Nine gastric cancer-associated lncRNAs were selected and assessed by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction in gastric tissues, and 5 of them were further analyzed in gastric cancer patients’ plasma.ConclusionsOur results demonstrate that certain lncRNAs, such as AK001058, INHBA-AS1, MIR4435-2HG, and CEBPA-AS1, are enriched in human gastric cancer tissues and significantly elevated in the plasma of patients with gastric cancer. These findings indicate that the combination of these four lncRNAs might be used as diagnostic or prognostic markers for gastric cancer patients.
Highlights
Gastric cancer (GC) is one of the most common malignant tumors [1] and the second most frequent cancer associated with mortality, partially owing to the fact that it is often diagnosed at an advanced stage, and not at the early stage [2, 3]
We found that plasma level of these five long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) were significantly higher in gastric cancer patients compared with normal controls
By receiver operating characteristic analysis, we found that the combination of plasma lncRNAs with the area under the curve up to 0.921, including AK001058, inhibin beta A subunit (INHBA)-AS1, MIR4435-2HG, and CCAAT/enhancer binding protein alpha (CEBPA)-AS1, is a better indicator of gastric cancer than their individual levels or other lncRNA combinations
Summary
Gastric cancer (GC) is one of the most common malignant tumors [1] and the second most frequent cancer associated with mortality, partially owing to the fact that it is often diagnosed at an advanced stage, and not at the early stage [2, 3] It is vitally important from a clinical perspective to seek effective tools for the early detection of GC. Changes in lncRNA expression levels can serve as a novel target for cancer diagnosis and therapy. Long non-coding RNAs, which have been reported in many cancer types, are a potential new class of biomarkers for tumor diagnosis
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