Abstract
The CMS detector at the CERN LHC features a silicon pixel detector as its innermost subdetector. The original CMS pixel detector has been replaced with an upgraded pixel system (CMS Phase-1 pixel detector) in the extended year-end technical stop of the LHC in 2016/2017. The upgraded CMS pixel detector is designed to cope with the higher instantaneous luminosities that have been achieved by the LHC after the upgrades to the accelerator during the first long shutdown in 2013–2014. Compared to the original pixel detector, the upgraded detector has a better tracking performance and lower mass with four barrel layers and three endcap disks on each side to provide hit coverage up to an absolute value of pseudorapidity of 2.5. This paper describes the design and construction of the CMS Phase-1 pixel detector as well as its performance from commissioning to early operation in collision data-taking.
Highlights
The CMS experiment [1] at the CERN Large Hadron Collider (LHC) includes a silicon pixel detector as the innermost part of the tracking system
The CMS Phase-1 pixel detector has been successfully taking data in 2017 and 2018 and, together with the other CMS subsystems, has delivered high-quality physics data corresponding to an integrated luminosity of more than 100 fb−1
During LS2 the innermost barrel layer of the CMS Phase-1 pixel detector will be replaced in order to maintain efficient and robust tracking in CMS until the end of Run 3
Summary
The CMS experiment [1] at the CERN Large Hadron Collider (LHC) includes a silicon pixel detector as the innermost part of the tracking system. The original pixel detector [1] consisted of three barrel layers at radii of 44, 73, and 102 mm and two endcap disks on each end at distances of 345 and 465 mm from the interaction point It was designed for a maximum instantaneous luminosity of 1 × 1034 cm−2 s−1 and a maximum average pileup (number of inelastic interactions per bunch crossing) of 25 in LHC operation with 25 ns bunch spacing. The installation of the CMS Phase-1 pixel detector took place during the extended year-end technical stop of the LHC in 2016/2017. The design and construction of the CMS Phase-1 pixel detector are described and its performance from commissioning to early operation in collision data-taking is presented.
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