The clinical application of artificial intelligence technology in spinal surgery

Abstract

Artificial intelligence (AI) is a field that investigates how to endow computers and computer-controlled machines with thecapability to imitate human intelligence. As a significant driving force for the new wave of technological revolution andindustrial transformation, AI has emerged as a research hotspot in the medical domain. The progress in AI technology hasprofoundly influenced medicine, particularly offering new opportunities for precision and automation in spinal surgery. AI, acomprehensive field, encompasses a variety of research areas such as machine learning (ML), deep learning (DL), computervision, natural language processing, and robotics, among others. These subfields intersect and potentially overlap to asignificant degree. Furthermore, robotics and AI, closely intertwined, maintain a symbiotic relationship. AI, a discipline withincomputer science, aspires to develop and implement intelligent machines, with robots exemplifying these creations inphysical form. AI equips robots with capabilities for environmental comprehension, information processing, decision-making,and learning. This review aims to examine the clinical application of AI technology in spinal surgery, with a focus ontraditional ML, DL, and robotics. We will discuss the merits and drawbacks of these technologies, as well as futuredevelopment trends.