Abstract
Ceratitis fasciventris is a serious agricultural pest of the Tephritidae family that belongs to the African Ceratitis FAR species complex. Species limits within the FAR complex are obscure and multidisciplinary approaches have attempted to resolve phylogenetic relationships among its members. These studies support the existence of at least three additional species in the complex, C. anonnae, C. rosa and C. quilicii, while they indicate the presence of two structured populations (F1 and F2) within the C. fasciventris species. In the present study we present the mitotic karyotype, polytene chromosome maps, in situ hybridization data and the complete mitochondrial genome sequence of an F2 population of C. fasciventris. This is the first polytene chromosome map and complete mitogenome of a member of the FAR complex and only the second reported for the Ceratitis genus. Both polytene chromosomes and mitochondrial sequence could provide valuable information and be used as reference for comparative analysis among the members of the complex towards the clarification of their phylogenetic relationships.
Highlights
Ceratitis fasciventris is an African fruit fly, which, together with C. anonae, C. rosa and the recently described C. quilicii comprise the“Ceratitis FAR complex”[3, 4]
A more recent microsatellite analysis revealed the presence of five genotypic clusters within the complex: two (R1, R2) representing populations that were at the time considered as C. rosa, two (F1, F2) for C. fasciventris and one for C. anonae[8], complicating further the phylogenetic relationships and species discrimination in the FAR complex
The mitotic karyotype of Ceratitis fasciventris consists of six pairs of chromosomes: five pairs of meta- or sub-metacentric autosomes and one pair of sex chromosomes (Fig. 1)
Summary
Ceratitis fasciventris is an African fruit fly, which, together with C. anonae, C. rosa and the recently described C. quilicii comprise the“Ceratitis FAR complex”[3, 4]. A more recent microsatellite analysis revealed the presence of five genotypic clusters within the complex: two (R1, R2) representing populations that were at the time considered as C. rosa, two (F1, F2) for C. fasciventris and one for C. anonae[8], complicating further the phylogenetic relationships and species discrimination in the FAR complex. Pluralistic approaches have been followed for species delimitation within species complexes of other Tephritidae genera, such as the Anastrepha fraterculus complex[18, 30,31,32,33,34,35] In this context, the issue of the number and the limits of species within the FAR complex has been recently addressed by an integrative approach on the basis of: (i) adult and larvae morphology[36, 37], (ii) wing morphometrics[38], (iii) microsatellite analysis[8], (iv) cuticular hydrocarbons[39], (v) pheromones[40], (vi) developmental physiology[41] and (vii) geographical and altitudinal distribution[42]. Comparative analyses among most of them revealed specific CRs that are diagnostic at the genus, subgenus and species level[70, 75,76,77,78, 80], supporting the possible involvement of CRs in speciation
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