Abstract
BackgroundSignificant biochemical changes are observed in glycosaminoglycans in squamous cell laryngeal carcinoma. The most characteristics are in chondroitin/dermatan sulfate fine structure and proportion, which might be due to differential expression of the enzymes involved in their biosynthesis. The aim of the present work was the investigation in expressional and epigenetic level of the enzymes involved in chondroitin/dermatan sulfate biosynthesis in laryngeal cancer.MethodsTissues subjected to total RNA and DNA isolation, and protein extraction. The techniques used in this study were RT-PCR analysis, western blotting and methylation specific PCR.ResultsWe identified that many enzymes were expressed in the cancerous specimens intensively. Dermatan sulfate epimerase was expressed exclusively in the cancerous parts and in minor amounts in healthy tissues; in the macroscopically normal samples it was not detected. Furthermore, chondroitin synthase I and chondroitin polymerizing factor were strongly expressed in the cancerous parts compared to the corresponding normal tissues. Sulfotransferases, like chondroitin 6 sulfotransferase 3, were highly expressed mainly in healthy specimens.ConclusionsThe study of the various chondroitin/dermatan synthesizing enzymes revealed that they were differentially expressed in cancer, in human laryngeal cartilage, leading to specific chondroitin/dermatan structures which contributed to proteoglycan formation with specific features. The expression of the examined enzymes correlated with the glycosaminoglycan profile observed in previous studies.
Highlights
Significant biochemical changes are observed in glycosaminoglycans in squamous cell laryngeal carcinoma
We demonstrated that chondroitin 6sulfotransferase (CHST3) and dermatan 4sulfotransferase (D4ST1) were expressed differentially in colorectal cancer [4], leading to increased C-6 sulfation in cancer compared to healthy tissues and decreased C-4 sulfation in late stages
The differential modification of the various glycosaminoglycans during cancer reflected differential expression of the enzymes involved in their biosynthesis
Summary
Significant biochemical changes are observed in glycosaminoglycans in squamous cell laryngeal carcinoma. The most characteristics are in chondroitin/dermatan sulfate fine structure and proportion, which might be due to differential expression of the enzymes involved in their biosynthesis. The chondroitin/dermatan sulfate fine chemical structure is altered in laryngeal carcinomas [1,2] as well as in most cancers [3,4,5]. The decrease in cancer is more abrupt in C-6 sulfation; C-4 sulfation is diminished gradually to the advanced stages of cancer These alterations may be due to differential biosynthesis of core protein precursors, to differences in the substrates pool, and to differential. We demonstrated that CHST3 and D4ST1 were expressed differentially in colorectal cancer [4], leading to increased C-6 sulfation in cancer compared to healthy tissues and decreased C-4 sulfation in late stages
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