Abstract
ObjectivesSecondary malignancy in the oral mucosa is recognized as one of the most serious complications in patients who received allogenic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). However, potential risk factors associated with carcinogenesis after HSCT that have been reported remain elusive. We experienced a rare case of secondary malignancies of the oral and esophageal mucosa and analyzed the expression of tumor suppressor gene product p16.Case reportA 35-year-old male had malignant lesions of the oral and esophageal mucosa two years after HSCT. Partial maxillectomy and endoscopic submucosal dissection were performed. Immunohistochemical analyses revealed that the tumor cells of malignant and premalignant lesions of the oral cavity and esophagus but not keratosis were positive for p16.ConclusionsPathological examinations with p16 immunohistochemistry may contribute to an early diagnosis of secondary malignancy after HSCT.
Highlights
Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) is an increasingly therapy for hematological malignancies in recent years
Potential risk factors associated with the development of secondary malignancy after HSCT that have been reported include cytotoxic effects of chemotherapeutic agents or iarradiation, chronic graft-versus-host diseases (GVHD) related inflammation
It is considered that the presence of chronic GVHD in oral mucosa has a significant role in the pathogenesis of oral cancer after allogeneic HSCT [6]
Summary
Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) is an increasingly therapy for hematological malignancies in recent years. Despite significant improvement of survival rate, the development of secondary malignancy has been recognized as one of the most serious long-term complications after HSCT. Potential risk factors associated with the development of secondary malignancy after HSCT that have been reported include cytotoxic effects of chemotherapeutic agents or iarradiation, chronic graft-versus-host diseases (GVHD) related inflammation, Secondary solid tumor seems to be less common, but the incidence increases significantly over time in longterm survivors of allogenic HSCT [4]. It is considered that the presence of chronic GVHD in oral mucosa has a significant role in the pathogenesis of oral cancer after allogeneic HSCT [6]. The frequent evaluations for oral chronic GVHD by oral medicine specialists and the appropriate pathological examinations with useful biomarkers may contribute to an early diagnosis of oral malignancy
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