Abstract
The main purpose of this research effort was to investigate and reduce the volume of thermal polluted cooling water from returning to the Kafr-Al-Batek power station. Traditional cooling systems, such as cooling towers or ponds can be very challenging with regards to implementation in developing countries; mainly due to the lack of financial capacity. This research focused on low-cost simulation solutions that could improve thermal outcomes. Comparisons were performed between three different scenarios to decrease the elevated temperature of the discharged water (43 °C) released by the Kafr-Al-Batek power station on the Damietta branch. The different scenarios were simulated by using Star CCM+ software. The base scenario examined the discharge angle of an existing outlet. The second scenario examined a new outlet downstream from the existing outlet. The third scenario increased the width of the existing outlet in order to reduce flow velocity. A comparative analysis is provided between the aforementioned solutions to identify the most suitable and cost-effective alternative. Simulation results show that changing the discharge angle from 90° to 135° is the most effective solution. Applying this solution has the potential to decrease the water temperature at the inlet by 7 degrees Celsius (from 32 °C to 25 °C).
Highlights
Thermal pollution is the act of changing the surface water’s temperature which may cause a degradation of water quality [1]
The results showed that the combustion of fossil fuels and nuclear power were the main source of thermal pollution [5]
The Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) analysis was performed using Star CCM+ to simulate the current situation to allow for the baseline assessment of the real-life problem
Summary
Thermal pollution is the act of changing the surface water’s temperature which may cause a degradation of water quality [1]. Walkuska and Agnieszka [6] addressed the effect of heated water on aquatic ecosystem fauna with results indicating that the increase in water temperature in a reservoir led to adverse changes in aquatic ecosystem function and affected indigenous animals. The results showed that even small changes in water temperature might exacerbate the activity of infectious disease and parasitic agents that could further damage native fauna populations. These studies and other have concluded that the increasing water temperature could lead to more frequent infections in animals by affecting the animal’s immune system and by influencing pathogenicity
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