The chloroplast genome sequence and phylogenetic analysis of Apocynum venetum L.

Xiaonong Guo,Jialin Bai,Deyu Cai,Zhuanxia Wang,Lei Song,Maoteng Li

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0261710

Xiaonong Guo, Jialin Bai + Show 4 more

Open Access

https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0261710

Copy DOI

Abstract

Apocynum venetum L. (Apocynaceae) is valuable for its medicinal compounds and fiber content. Native A. venetum populations are threatened and require protection. Wild A. venetum resources are limited relative to market demand and a poor understanding of the composition of A. venetum at the molecular level. The chloroplast genome contains genetic markers for phylogenetic analysis, genetic diversity evaluation, and molecular identification. In this study, the entire genome of the A. venetum chloroplast was sequenced and analyzed. The A. venetum cp genome is 150,878 bp, with a pair of inverted repeat regions (IRA and IRB). Each inverted repeat region is 25,810 bp, which consist of large (LSC, 81,951 bp) and small (SSC, 17,307 bp) single copy areas. The genome-wide GC content was 38.35%, LSC made up 36.49%, SSC made up 32.41%, and IR made up 43.3%. The A. venetum chloroplast genome encodes 131 genes, including 86 protein-coding genes, eight ribosomal RNA genes, and 37 transfer RNA genes. This study identified the unique characteristics of the A. venetum chloroplast genome, which will help formulate effective conservation and management strategies as well as molecular identification approaches for this important medicinal plant.

Highlights

Apocynum venetum L. (Apocynaceae) (Luobuma in Chinese) is a perennial herb distributed in Eurasia from Southeast Europe to Northern China
In the A. venetum cp genome, 131 functional genes were predicted, including eight rRNA genes, 37 tRNA genes, and 86 protein-coding genes (Table 2) Cp genomes in the inverted repeats (IR) regions include 33 duplicated genes, with approximately 15 tRNA genes, eight rRNA genes, and nine protein-coding genes (PCGs) (Fig 1)
We found that A. venetum L. was grouped into a terminal branch with Lonicra japonica and N. atienuate, Capsicum annuum, Solanum tuberosum, Solanum lycopersicum and Salicornia europaea

Summary

Introduction

Apocynum venetum L. (Apocynaceae) (Luobuma in Chinese) is a perennial herb distributed in Eurasia from Southeast Europe to Northern China. (Apocynaceae) (Luobuma in Chinese) is a perennial herb distributed in Eurasia from Southeast Europe to Northern China. It occurs in floodplains and valleys along rivers such as the Tarim River [1, 2]. The roots, stems, leaves, and flowers of A. venetum have medicinal uses [3, 4] and these uses were documented in the “Compendium of Materia Medica.”. In 1977, A. venetum was listed in the Pharmacopoeia of the People’s Republic of China as a primary treatment for hypertension and hyperlipidemia [5–8], and pharmacological studies have demonstrated that A. venetum possesses many pharmacological activities including cardiotonic [9], hepatoprotective [10, 11], antioxidant [12–14], antidepressant and anxiolytic effects [15–18]. A. venetum maybe useful for the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular and neurological diseases such as high blood pressure, high cholesterol, neurasthenia, depression, and anxiety [19–23].

Methods

Results

Discussion

Conclusion