Abstract

Castanopsis sclerophylla (Lindl.) Schott is an important species of evergreen broad-leaved tree in subtropical areas and has high ecological and economic value. However, there are few studies on its chloroplast genome. In this study, the complete chloroplast genome sequence of C. sclerophylla was determined using the Illumina HiSeq 2500 platform. The complete chloroplast genome of C. sclerophylla is 160,497 bp long, including a pair of inverted repeat (IR) regions (25,675 bp) separated by a large single-copy (LSC) region of 90,255 bp and a small single-copy (SSC) region of 18,892 bp. The overall GC content of the chloroplast genome is 36.82%. A total of 131 genes were found; of these, 111 genes are unique and annotated, including 79 protein-coding genes, 27 transfer RNA genes (tRNAs), and four ribosomal RNA genes (rRNAs). Twenty-one genes were found to be duplicated in the IR regions. Comparative analysis indicated that IR contraction might be the reason for the smaller chloroplast genome of C. sclerophylla compared to three congeneric species. Sequence analysis indicated that the LSC and SSC regions are more divergent than IR regions within Castanopsis; furthermore, greater divergence was found in noncoding regions than in coding regions. The maximum likelihood phylogenetic analysis showed that four species of the genus Castanopsis form a monophyletic clade and that C. sclerophylla is closely related to Castanopsis hainanensis with strong bootstrap values. These results not only provide a basic understanding of Castanopsis chloroplast genomes, but also illuminate Castanopsis species evolution within the Fagaceae family. Furthermore, these findings will be valuable for future studies of genetic diversity and enhance our understanding of the phylogenetic evolution of Castanopsis.

Highlights

  • Castanopsis (Lindl.) Schott. is a monoecious, broad-leaved tree of the genus Castanopsis belonging to the Fagaceae family

  • The complete chloroplast genome sequence of C. sclerophylla is 160,497 bp in length; it has been deposited in GenBank under accession number MK387847

  • The genome has a typical quadripartite structure including a pair of inverted repeat (IR) (IRa and IRb) regions of 25,675 bp that are separated by an large single-copy (LSC) region of 90,255 bp and an small single-copy (SSC) region of 18,892 bp (Fig 1, Table 1)

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Summary

Introduction

Castanopsis (Lindl.) Schott. is a monoecious, broad-leaved tree of the genus Castanopsis belonging to the Fagaceae family. Is a monoecious, broad-leaved tree of the genus Castanopsis belonging to the Fagaceae family. C. sclerophylla is widely distributed in East and South Asia, and the tree has been introduced to North America[1, 2]. C. sclerophylla is a canopy tree widely distributed in subtropical evergreen forests[3]. The distribution of C. sclerophylla is severely fragmented and constantly threatened, requiring urgent conservation and restoration[11]. Phylogenetic and population genomics data are vital for developing effective conservation and management strategies. Comparative analysis of the complete chloroplast genome among closely related species has proven to be a valid and effective method for the studying evolutionary history, species conservation, and phylogenetic relationships[12,13,14,15]

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