The child and adolescent hypertension as a world-wide problem: prevalence, risk factors including neonatal ones

Abstract

The children hypertension is a serious threat to population health because uncontrolled children hypertension can result in exponential increasing of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, progression of kidney failure and premature death in adulthood. The main risk factors for primary children and adolescent hypertension are considered as cardiovascular biomarkers (fibro-blast growth), obesity, especially central obesity, overweight, low birth weight, high sodium intake, sedentary lifestyle, lack of physical activity, socioeconomic and ethnic factors, as well as family anamnesis. The special place in studying children hypertension is occupied by problem of neonatal hypertension. The most common causes of neonatal hypertension are umbilical catheter-related thrombosis, renal parenchymal disease and chronic lung disease (bronchopulmonary dysplasia), as well as low birth weight, post-menstrual age and some other maternal factors, as well as medications (inotropic medicines, caffeine) and regulation of fluid intake.