Abstract
Nuclear test explosions and reactor waste releases have deposited an estimated 16 × 1015 Bq of plutonium into the world's oceans. Chemical speciation, oxidation state, redox reactions, and sorption characteristics are integral in predicting solubility of the different actinides, their migration behaviors and their potential effects on marine biota. Transport mechanisms, biosequestration, interactions with carbonate and humic substances and chemical redox and speciation influence migration patterns. Analytical methods such as ultraviolet-visible absorption spectrophotometry, laser-induced photoacoustic spectroscopy and mass spectrometry are utilized to obtain information on the chemical speciation and oxidation states at sub-tracer levels. Predictive computer models has attempted to evaluate the extensive data needed to adequately parameterize the complex, interdependent and continuous processes involved.
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