Abstract
To produce superior varieties, gene sources of high diversity are needed. The study was intended to reveal the diversity of qualitative and quantitative characters and the quality of Robusta coffee germplasm. The study conducted at Pakuwon Experimental Garden, Sukabumi Indonesia, used 14 accessions of Robusta coffee grown by a single stem system. The observed characteristics were qualitative and quantitative characteristics, caffeine content, and cup quality. The data were analyzed descriptively and grouped by cluster analysis using the PBSTAT program. The results revealed variations in the angle of insertion of primary branches, stipule shape, immature leaf color, leaf shape, leaf apex shape, young shoot color, mature leaf color, ripe fruit color, and fruit shape. The number of bunches/branch is the characteristic of the highest variation coefficient. Eleven accessions had cupping scores between 80 and 86 with a caffeine content of 1.39 - 2.06%. The accession B4-17-1 had the lowest yield, but its final cupping test score was the highest. At the dissimilarity coefficient of 0.25, 14 accessions of Robusta coffee are divided into two large groups, while at the dissimilarity coefficient of 0.15 they consist of four groups.
Highlights
IntroductionThe volume of coffee exports in the last ten years has fluctuated, but it tends to decline with an average growth rate of -1.89% per year
Indonesia is one of the largest coffee exporting countries in the world
In 2008 the volume of Indonesian coffee exports was 468,749 tons with an export value of 991,458 million US dollars, in 2018 it decreased to 279,961 tons with an export value of 815,933 million US dollars
Summary
The volume of coffee exports in the last ten years has fluctuated, but it tends to decline with an average growth rate of -1.89% per year. The area of coffee plantations in Indonesia reaches 1,252,825 hectares. Robusta coffee in smallholder plantations dominates Indonesian coffee production, reaching 68.65% and the remaining 27.98% is Arabica coffee [1]. Coffee production by small farmers is still low at 601.26 kg/ha/year, which is very low compared to the potential of superior varieties which have yield potential of up to 3.31 tons/ha/year. The progress of breeding and selection is highly dependent on the potential and availability of sources of genetic diversity
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