Abstract
Inward flow radial and mixed flow turbines are effectively utilized in both small gas turbine auxiliary power units (APU’s) and turbochargers, where moderately high levels of efficiency can be readily attained with simple cast components, less sensitive to blade end-gap clearances than axial turbines. This paper provides an overview of radial turbine performance characteristics for small gas turbine applications as basically influenced by specific speed, velocity ratio, exit flow coefficient, and rotor tip to exducer root mean square (RMS) diameter ratio. Since turbine rotor mass and inertia play important roles in structural integrity and engine acceleration characteristics, the importance of turbine velocity ratio selection upon rotor tip diameter, and cycle performance are discussed. The effects of rotor reaction on radial turbine flow versus pressure characteristics are examined pertinent to engine matching requirements. Engine transient performance is addressed, as influenced by turbine operation towards and beyond runaway conditions.
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