The characteristics of heart failure in patients with diabetes mellitus in Sanglah Hospital Denpasar

Abstract

Background: The prevalence of heart failure (HF) is 4 times higher in patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) than general population. Coronary heart disease (CHD), hypertension, DM, obesity, smoking and atrial fibrillation are risk factors for HF. However, many observational studies have shown that DM is an independent risk factor for HF through the mechanism of diabetic cardiomyopathy. Objective: This study aimed to determine the characteristic heart failure in patients with DM. Methods: This study used a cross sectional descriptive design and the secondary data originating from medical records of patient in the intermediate ward and intensive care coronary care unit, Sanglah Hospital on March 2020 - March 2021. The inclusion criteria were DM patients with acute or chronic HF, while the exclusions criteria were DM patients with anemia, pregnancy and incomplete medical record data. Result: A total of 65 subjects were male (43%), aged > 60 years (52.3%), had a history of smoking (50.8%), experienced obesity grade I (35.4), with duration of DM > 5 years (67.7%) and had poor glycemic control (55.4%). The majority of DM complications were CHD (86.2%). Based on echocardiography results, the subjects had heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (43.1%), left atrial dilatation (58.5%), left ventricular hypertrophy (80%), heart valve abnormalities (66.2%) and left ventricular diastolic dysfunction (73.8%). Conclusion: There were no subjects who only suffered from DM type 2 without other comorbid diseases such as CHD, hypertension or heart valve disease.