Abstract
Recent studies suggested that gut microbiota was involved in the development of coronary artery disease. However, the changes of gut microbiota following acute myocardial infarction (AMI) remain unknown. In this study, a total of 66 male Wistar rats were randomly divided into control, AMI and SHAM groups. The controls (n = 6) were sacrificed after anesthesia. The AMI model was built by ligation of left anterior descending coronary artery. The rats of AMI and SHAM groups were sacrificed at 12 h, 1 d, 3 d, 7 d and 14 d post-operation respectively. Gut microbiota was analyzed by 16S rDNA high throughput sequencing. The gut barrier injuries were evaluated through histopathology, transmission electron microscope and immunohistochemical staining. The richness of gut microbiota was significantly higher in AMI group than SHAM group at 7 d after AMI (P<0.05). Principal coordinate analysis with unweighted UniFrac distances revealed microbial differences between AMI and SHAM groups at 7 d. The gut barrier impairment was also the most significant at 7 d post-AMI. We further identified the differences of microorganisms between AMI and SHAM group at 7 d. The abundance of Synergistetes phylum, Spirochaetes phylum, Lachnospiraceae family, Syntrophomonadaceae family and Tissierella Soehngenia genus was higher in AMI group compared with SHAM group at 7 d post-operation (q<0.05). Our study showed the changes of gut microbiota at day 7 post AMI which was paralleled with intestinal barrier impairment. We also identified the microbial organisms that contribute most.
Highlights
The role of gut microbiota in regulation of health and disease has been attracting increasing attention recently
We performed 16S rDNA sequencing on the fecal samples collected from CON group at baseline, and from acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and SHAM groups at 12 h, 1 d, 3 d, 7 d and 14 d after operation
The relative abundance of Firmicutes was increased and Bacteroidetes reduced at 7 d, 14 d compared to 12 h, 1 d and 3 d within AMI groups (P
Summary
The role of gut microbiota in regulation of health and disease has been attracting increasing attention recently. Increase absorption of energy from gut may contribute to obesity and metabolic disturbances which in turn contribute to cardiovascular risk. This effect is partly mediated by short chain fatty acids (SCFAs), in particular butyrate, which are end-products of microbial fermentation of dietary fibers and play an important role in the energy harvest from the gut and maintaining the integrity of the gut barrier.[3, 4] The other mechanism involves the production of the proatherosclerotic metabolite, trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO). TMAO was associated with atherosclerosis and elevated plasma levels of TMAO predict an increased risk of cardiovascular disease including incidence myocardial infarction.[5,6,7,8]
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