The central catechol-O-methyltransferase inhibitor tolcapone increases striatal hydroxyl radical production in L-DOPA/carbidopa treated rats.

Abstract

Inhibition of catechol catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) in the brains of subjects treated with L-DOPA (L-3,4-dihydroxylphenylalanine) and an aromatic amino acid decarboxylase (AADC) inhibitor is suggested to cause an increase of L-DOPA, which might lead to oxidative damage through enhanced formation of free radicals. To investigate this hypothesis, the acute effects of two doses of the systemically administered COMT inhibitors entacapone (peripheral) and tolcapone (peripheral and central) on the extracellular formation of hydroxyl radicals in vivo following treatment with L-DOPA and the AADC inhibitor carbidopa were examined. The formation of extracellular hydroxyl radicals were determined by the measurement of 2,3-dihydroxybenzoic acid (2,3-DHBA), a reaction product of hydroxyl radicals with sodium salicylate, using microdialysis in the striatum of anesthetised rats. The COMT inhibitors were administered together with 50 mg/kg i.p. carbidopa as 5% gum arabic suspensions intraperitoneally (i.p.) at doses of 0, 1.0, and 10 mg/kg body weight to a total of 36 male HAN-Wistars rats. L-DOPA was injected i.p. 40 min after drugs of interest. Microdialysis samples were collected every 20 min for 400 min at a perfusion rate of 1 microl/min. Systemically administered 10 mg/kg tolcapone, but not entacapone, induced an increase in hydroxyl radical formation in the striatum of anesthetised rats following treatment with L-DOPA/carbidopa. The increase in hydroxyl radical formation was reflected by higher extracellular concentrations of the hydroxylate product of salicylate, 2,3-DHBA, peaking at 192% of baseline at the end of the observation period. Similar results were also found using the AUC (area under the curve) value estimated for the observation period. We conclude that the increase in hydroxyl radical formation is likely to result from an increased rate of monoamine oxidase-mediated and non-enzymatic (autoxidation) dopamine metabolism following increased central availability caused by reduction in COMT-mediated metabolism. We cannot, however, exclude the possibility that hydroxyl radicals are produced by tolcapone as a result of uncoupling mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation.